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Acıbadem Göktürk Medical Center is one of the prestigious hospitals of Acıbadem Group Hospitals. Founded in 2007, the hospital is located in the Eyüp district of Istanbul, Turkey's most populous province. And the clinic is open every weekday from 08.30 to 23.00.
The clinic offers 15 different specialties. In addition to providing emergency medical care every day, the clinic has 10 outpatient rooms, a 2-unit dental department and a sterilization facility where they can receive other types of care. The aforementioned emergency medicine department is also responsible for interpreting laboratory tests and performing radiological examinations.
Patients can receive treatment in oral and dental care, gynecology and obstetrics, ophthalmology, internal medicine, dermatology, orthopedics and traumatology, nutrition and diet, pediatrics, radiology, breast clinic, otolaryngology and general surgery. In addition, the clinic offers services such as regional weight loss treatments, stretch mark skin treatment, medical hand and foot care, laser hair removal and hyperhidrosis treatment.
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Internal Medicine 1 Services
Internal Medicine Consultation
Internal medicine is a medical specialty in which physicians apply scientific knowledge and clinical expertise to diagnose and treat adults with a very broad range of health concerns and diseases. Physicians who specialize in internal medicine are called internists or general internists.
Dermatology 29 Services
Benign Growth Removal
Surgery is a common type of treatment for benign tumors. The goal is to remove the tumor without damaging surrounding tissues. Other types of treatment may include medication or radiation.
Cutaneous Horn Removal
If the lesion that is the underlying cause of a skin horn is benign (noncancerous), it is often treated by excision (surgical removal or resection) or with a procedure called curettage. This is a medical procedure involving the removal of tissue by scraping or scooping
Dermabrasion
Dermabrasion is a skin-resurfacing procedure that uses a rapidly rotating device to sand the outer layers of skin. Immediately after dermabrasion, treated skin will be reddish and swollen. The skin that grows back is usually smoother.
Dermatology Consultation
A dermatology consultation is a service provided by a dermatologist or dermatology clinic, sometimes for free, for patients who are seeking advice regarding existing problems that affect the skin, scalp, hair, nails, lips, and mouth, many of which can be diagnosed by a simple physical examination.
Dermoscopy
Dermoscopy or dermatoscopy refers to the examination of the skin using skin surface microscopy, and is also called 'epiluminoscopy' and 'epiluminescent microscopy'. Derm(at)oscopy is mainly used to evaluate pigmented skin lesions. In experienced hands it can make it easier to diagnose melanoma.
Excessive Sweating Treatment
Hyperhidrosis (hi-pur-hi-DROE-sis) is abnormally excessive sweating that's not necessarily related to heat or exercise. You may sweat so much that it soaks through your clothes or drips off your hands. Besides disrupting normal daily activities, this type of heavy sweating can cause social anxiety and embarrassment.
Hair and Scalp Treatment
Our scalp contains about 100,000 follicles, according to the American Academy of Dermatology Association. Like a seed sprouting a tree, each follicle contains a single hair that grows. The follicles also produce sebum, or oil, that helps keep the scalp moisturized and protects the skin from infection.
Hirsutism Treatment
Hirsutism is where women have thick, dark hair on their face, neck, chest, tummy, lower back, buttocks or thighs. See a GP if it's a problem for you. It might be caused by a medical condition that can be treated.
Ingrown Toenail Treatment
Ingrown toenails are a common condition in which the corner or side of a toenail grows into the soft flesh. The result is pain, inflamed skin, swelling and, sometimes, an infection. Ingrown toenails usually affect the big toe. Often you can take care of ingrown toenails on your own.
Melasma Treatment
Melasma is a skin condition characterized by brown or blue-gray patches or freckle-like spots. It's often called the “mask of pregnancy.” Melasma happens because of overproduction of the cells that make the color of your skin. It is common, harmless and some treatments may help.
Mesotherapy
Mesotherapy is a technique that uses injections of vitamins, enzymes, hormones, and plant extracts to rejuvenate and tighten skin, as well as remove excess fat. Michel Pistor, a doctor in France, developed the technique in 1952. It was originally used to relieve pain.
Milia Removal
The most common procedure for milia removal is de-roofing. Dermatologists use a sterile needle to remove the tiny flap of skin trapping the keratin flake inside the pore. They then squeeze or prick out the flake. A less-common practice is curettage, which is a form of electrosurgery.
Mole and Skin Lesion Evaluation
If a mole is elevated, or raised from of the skin, it should be considered suspicious. Change in color, especially multiple shades of dark brown or black; red, white and blue, Change or spreading of color from the edge of the mole into surrounding skin. Change in size, especially sudden or continuous enlargement.
Mole Removal
Mole removals, which is different than mole biopsy, is designed to completely remove moles from the skin in a way that minimizes scarring and creates a smooth, discreet finish. Moles are categorized as brown or black skin growths caused by the clustering of skin pigment cells, called melanocytes.
Nail Fungus Treatment
Nail fungus is a common condition that begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, nail fungus may cause your nail to discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. It can affect several nails.
Photodynamic Therapy for Skin Problems
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive treatment that utilizes light treatment along with application of a photosensitizing agent. In dermatology, PDT is commonly used and approved for the treatment of oncological conditions such as actinic keratosis, Bowen disease and superficial basal cell carcinoma.
Pigmentation Treatment
Pigmentation refers to the coloring of the skin. Skin pigmentation disorders cause changes to the color of your skin. Melanin is made by cells in the skin and is the pigment responsible for your skin's color. Hyperpigmentation is a condition that causes your skin to darken.
Psoriasis Treatment
Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It tends to go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while or going into remission.
Rosacea Treatment
Rosacea is a common skin condition that causes blushing or flushing and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, pus-filled bumps. These signs and symptoms may flare up for weeks to months and then go away for a while.
Skin Biopsy
A skin biopsy is a procedure healthcare providers use to diagnose skin conditions. It can help identify a rash, infection, psoriasis or skin cancer. During a biopsy, your provider removes a small sample of skin tissue. In the lab, experts analyze the sample under a microscope.
Skin Lesion Removal
Skin lesion removal is a procedure or surgery to remove growths on your skin. You may have a skin lesion removed because it is too big, bothersome, or uncomfortable. Or you may have a lesion removed because it could be cancerous or precancerous. Often the doctor can remove simple skin lesions during a routine visit.
Skin Tag (Acrochordon) Removal
Skin tags are small, noncancerous growths that form when the skin rubs against itself. They typically don't require treatment. But if their appearance bothers you, you can undergo a skin tag removal procedure.
Spider Veins Treatment
Spider veins are small, damaged veins that can appear on the surface of the legs or face. They are usually not painful or harmful, but some people may wish to treat them for cosmetic reasons. Spider veins can be blue, purple, or red and may appear in the form of thin lines, webs, or branches.
Stretch Marks Removal
Stretch marks (striae) are indented streaks that appear on the abdomen, breasts, hips, buttocks or other places on the body. They're common in pregnant women, especially during the last trimester. Stretch marks aren't painful or harmful, but some people don't like the way they make their skin look.
Vitiligo Treatment
Vitiligo is a condition in which the skin loses its pigment cells (melanocytes). This can result in discolored patches in different areas of the body, including the skin, hair and mucous membranes. Vitiligo is a disease that causes loss of skin color in patches.
Warts Removal
Warts are tiny skin infections caused by viruses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) family. Although kids get warts most often, teens and adults can get them too. Sometimes warts are sexually transmitted and appear in the genital area. But most warts affect the fingers, hands, and feet.
Acne Scar Treatment
Scars left behind by acne do not vanish completely on their own. As a result of the natural breakdown of collagen that comes with aging, pitted acne scars often grow more obvious. However, there are a number of treatments available that help make the scars left behind by acne less obvious. In the course of a few months, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or redness could gradually go away on their own.
Acne Treatment
Acne will, in the vast majority of cases, clear up on its own at the end of adolescence; nevertheless, some individuals continue to deal with acne far into adulthood. The good news is that almost all cases of acne are treatable satisfactorily. Finding a therapy that works for you is the most important thing.
Actinic Keratoses Treatment
Actinic keratoses can be taken care of by freezing the skin with liquid nitrogen. When your doctor puts the chemical directly on the affected area, it may cause your skin to blister or peel. As your wound heals, the damaged skin cells will fall off and be replaced by new, healthy skin. Cryotherapy is the most common way to treat it.
Dentistry 75 Services
Bone Augmentation
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.
Bone Graft
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that uses transplanted bone to repair and rebuild diseased or damaged bones. A bone graft is a choice for repairing bones almost anywhere in your body. Your surgeon might take bone from your hips, legs, or ribs to perform the graft.
Braces
Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health.
Bruxism Treatment
Treatments for teeth grinding (bruxism) include using mouth guards or mouth splints, and therapy.
Corticotomy-Assisted Orthodontics
Corticotomy-assisted orthodontics has been reported in a few clinical cases, and seems to be a promising adjuvant technique, indicated for many situations in the orthodontic treatment of adults without active periodontal pathology. Its main advantages are reduction of treatment time and postorthodontic stability.
Cosmetic Dentistry Consultation
Cosmetic dentistry is generally used to refer to any dental work that improves the appearance (though not necessarily the functionality) of teeth, gums and/or bite. It primarily focuses on improvement in dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile appearance.
Crown Lengthenin
Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist, or more frequently a specialist periodontist. There are a number of reasons for considering crown lengthening in a treatment plan.
Custom Mouthguard
Getting a custom mouthguard is absolutely worth the effort and the cost at your dentist's office. This is because it better protects your teeth, is more comfortable, and allows you to breathe properly regardless of what you need to do with your mouthguard in.
Dental Bonding
Teeth bonding is a procedure in which a tooth-colored resin material (a durable plastic material) is applied and hardened with a special light, which ultimately "bonds" the material to the tooth to restore or improve a person's smile.
Dental Bridge
If you have missing teeth, your dentist can close — or bridge — the gaps in your smile with dental bridges. A dental bridge is a false tooth (called a pontic) that is held in place by the abutment teeth on either side of the gap.
Dental Checkup
Dental checkups are routine visits that consist of an examination and cleaning. Dental treatments are specialized visits to treat issues with fillings, deep teeth cleanings, root canals, teeth removal, and more. Dental treatments are scheduled on an as-needed basis, while dental checkups follow a regular schedule.
Dental Crown
In dentistry, crown refers to the anatomical area of teeth, usually covered by enamel. The crown is usually visible in the mouth after developing below the gingiva and then erupting into place. If part of the tooth gets chipped or broken, a dentist can apply an artificial crown.
Dental CT Scan
Dental cone beam computed tomography (CT) is a special type of x-ray equipment used when regular dental or facial x-rays are not sufficient. Your doctor may use this technology to produce three dimensional (3-D) images of your teeth, soft tissues, nerve pathways and bone in a single scan.
Dental Implant Bars
Implant bars are a mix between dentures and implants. Unlike common dentures, a bar is implanted in the patient's mouth, and the denture snaps onto the bar to hold it in place. These are generally made of acrylic with the higher-quality bars using natural-looking teeth and gums.
Dental Implant
A dental implant is a prosthesis that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, or facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor.
Dental Impression
A dental impression is a negative imprint of hard (teeth) and soft tissues in the mouth from which a positive reproduction (cast or model) can be formed. It is made by placing an appropriate material in a stock or custom dental impression tray which is designed to roughly fit over the dental arches. Impression material is of liquid or semi-solid nature when first mixed and placed in the mouth. It then sets to become an elastic solid (usually takes a few minutes depending upon the material), leaving an imprint of person's dentition and surrounding structures of oral cavity.
Dental Post and Core
Post and core is a dental restoration treatment that's sometimes performed after a root canal. When a significant portion of a tooth's structure is removed, a post and core can help keep a dental crown in place. Dental crowns are put on top of teeth, to protect them from further damage or infection.
Dental X-Rays
Dental X-rays (radiographs) are images of your teeth that your dentist uses to evaluate your oral health. These X-rays are used with low levels of radiation to capture images of the interior of your teeth and gums. This can help your dentist to identify problems, like cavities, tooth decay, and impacted teeth
Dentin Hypersensitivity Treatment
20.4. 4 Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity by laser radiation. Dentin hypersensitivity is characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin as a response to stimuli, typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic, or chemical, which cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defect or pathology.
Dentistry Consultation
A consultation is basically an evaluation of the current condition of your teeth. If you haven't seen a dentist in a while, you may be worried or embarrassed about the current state of your teeth. A good dentist won't be judgmental or make you feel bad about your current dental health.
Denture
Dentures are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, and are supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable.
Digital Smile Design
Digital Smile Design (DSD) is a treatment planning protocol that allows for careful analysis of the patient's facial and dental structures through state-of-the-art videography and digital technology. Today, the DSD Concept is considered the most modern, patient-centered design approach available.
Fluoride Application
Fluoride treatments are typically professional treatments containing a high concentration of fluoride that a dentist or hygienist will apply to a person's teeth to improve health and reduce the risk of cavities. These in-office treatments may take the form of a solution, gel, foam, or varnish.
Frenectomy
Frenectomy refers to the procedure that removes the connective tissue (called the frenum) at either the top or the bottom of the mouth, specifically under the tongue or the upper gums. We offer this procedure at our offices in Lynn, MA and Salem, MA.
Gingivectom
A gingivectomy refers to the removal of diseased gum tissue. A gingivoplasty procedure is typically performed to reshape otherwise healthy gum tissues. One procedure, however, is rarely performed without the other.
Gingivoplasty
GINGIVOPLASTY is the surgical reshaping of gum tissue around the teeth. It is often is done simply to make gums look better. They may have an unusual shape or may not be formed normally. The causes can include a person's genes, disease or trauma. Gingivoplasty reshapes the gums to make them look more natural.
Gnathology Treatment
Gnathology is a branch of specialized dentistry that studies and cures the masticatory system in all its anatomical and functional aspects.
Gum Tissue Graft
A gum graft is a type of dental surgery performed to correct the effects of gum recession. It is a quick and relatively simple surgery in which a periodontist removes healthy gum tissue from the roof of the mouth and uses it to build the gum back up where it has receded.
Hygienic Treatment
Hygienic is commonly used to mean clean and sanitary. It can also mean promoting good health or related to or involving hygiene—a collection of practices to promote and preserve health, or a condition involving the use of such practices.
Impacted Tooth Extraction
Wisdom tooth extraction is a surgical procedure to remove one or more wisdom teeth — the four permanent adult teeth located at the back corners of your mouth on the top and bottom.
Implant-Supported Dental Bridge
Implant-supported bridges are very similar to traditional bridges. However, instead of being supported by dental crowns placed over adjacent teeth, implant-supported bridges attach to small titanium posts embedded in the jaw. The number of posts placed will depend on the size of the bridge.
Implant-Supported Overdenture
An implant-retained overdenture is a removable dental prosthesis that is supported by the residual oral tissues and employs dental implants for retention. Implant-retained overdentures are a treatment alternative for many patients for whom conventional dentures are poorly tolerated.
Inlays/Onlays
In dentistry, inlays and onlays are a form of indirect restoration, which means they are made outside of the mouth as a single, solid piece that fits the specific size and shape of the cavity, and then cemented in place in the tooth.
Invisalign
Invisalign is an orthodontic treatment that straightens teeth without the use of metal braces. Invisalign is a series of custom-made clear braces that cover your teeth and gently pull them into the proper position over time.
Laser Treatment for Gum Disease
Laser treatment is a non-surgical gum disease treatment where the dentist uses a laser to access an infected area to destroy an infected bacteria and tissue. It is an excellent alternative to conventional gum surgery because it permits treatment without stitching or cutting and with less discomfort to the patient.
Lingual Braces
Lingual braces are one of the many types of the fixed orthodontic treatment appliances available to patients needing orthodontics.
Mini Dental Implant
Mini dental implants are a special type of tooth replacement for missing teeth. Like their full-sized counterparts, mini dental implants provide a permanent structure to replace missing teeth. While regular dental implants effectively replace missing teeth, they are not right for everyone.
Open Flap Debridement
In dentistry, open flap debridement is a periodontal procedure in which the supporting alveolar bone and root surfaces of teeth are exposed by incising the gingiva to provide increased access for scaling and root planing.
Oral Cyst Treatment
An oral cyst is a type of small growth that can occur in the mouth. It's a small fluid-filled sac that feels like a little bump. These oral cysts are sometimes referred to as mucoceles or mucous cysts. In most cases, oral cysts may feel odd, but they are harmless.
Orthodontics Consultation
Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that treats malocclusion, a condition in which the teeth are not correctly positioned when the mouth is closed. This results in an improper bite. An orthodontist specializes in making the teeth straight.
Pediatric Dentistry
A pediatric dentist, defined, is a specially trained dentist who focuses on caring for children from infancy through the teenage years, and also adults with special needs.
Periodontal Scaling
Scaling is when your dentist removes all the plaque and tartar (hardened plaque) above and below the gumline, making sure to clean all the way down to the bottom of the pocket. Your dentist will then begin root planing, smoothing out your teeth roots to help your gums reattach to your teeth.
Periodontal Surgery
Periodontal surgery is a dental procedure to restore the look and function of teeth, gums, and bone damaged due to severe gum disease. A periodontist can help you determine if you're a candidate for surgery.
Pulpotomy
Pulpotomy is a dental procedure done to save a severely decayed tooth. It's most commonly done on children with baby teeth, but it may also be used for adults and older children who already have their permanent teeth. This procedure is used to remove infected pulp from under the tooth's crown.
Recessed Gum Treatment
Your gums fit tightly around your teeth to help anchor them into your mouth and to protect them from damage. To have receding gums means that the gum tissue surrounding your teeth has pulled back to expose more of your tooth than is normal.
Retainer
Orthodontic retainers are custom-made devices, usually made of wires or clear plastic, that hold teeth in position after surgery or any method of realigning teeth.
Root Canal Consultation
A root canal is a dental procedure involving the removal of the soft center of the tooth, the pulp. The pulp is made up of nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels that help the tooth grow. In the majority of cases, a general dentist or endodontist will perform a root canal while you're under local anesthesia.
Root Canal
A root canal is a dental procedure involving the removal of the soft center of the tooth, the pulp. The pulp is made up of nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels that help the tooth grow. In the majority of cases, a general dentist or endodontist will perform a root canal while you're under local anesthesia.
Root Resection
Root resection is the process by which one or more of the roots of a tooth are removed at the level of the furcation while leaving the crown and remaining roots in function.
Sandblasting
Intra-oral sandblasting or “air abrasion” involves firing a pressurised flow of “sand” at the decayed or weakened tooth surface. The weakest part of the tooth is removed first, thereby conserving as much healthy tooth structure as possible.
Scaling and Root Planing
Scaling and root planing, also known as conventional periodontal therapy, non-surgical periodontal therapy or deep cleaning, is a procedure involving removal of dental plaque and calculus (scaling or debridement) and then smoothing, or planing, of the (exposed) surfaces of the roots, removing cementum or dentine that ...
Sinus Lift
A sinus lift refers to the augmentation or lifting up of the maxillary sinus to make more room for new bone. The maxillary sinuses are air-filled cavities that are located just above the back portion of the maxilla or upper jaw.
Space Maintainer
Dental space maintainers are devices used to leave enough space open for permanent teeth to grow in after baby teeth are lost prematurely. While it might not seem like a big problem at first, not taking care of a gap can lead to expensive problems down the road.
Teeth Cleaning
During a routine dental cleaning, your hygienist uses special tools to remove sticky plaque and hard tartar deposits from the surfaces of your teeth above your gums. These cleanings are very important for preventing gum disease and even for treating very mild forms of the disease (called gingivitis).
Teeth Polishing
Dental polishing, sometimes called tooth polishing, is a cleaning method your dentist uses to keep your teeth healthy. It is used to: Smooth the surface of your teeth. Remove stains. Get rid of plaque.
Teeth Splinting
Teeth that have become loose because of lost gum tissue can benefit from a new technique called dental splinting which attaches weak teeth together, turning them into a single unit that is stable and stronger than the single teeth by themselves. The procedure is most commonly performed on the front teeth.
Teeth Whitening
Tooth whitening is any process that lightens the color of a tooth. Whitening may be accomplished by physical removal of the stain or a chemical reaction to lighten the tooth color. Bleaching is defined here as the chemical degradation of the chromogens.
Temporary Dentistry
A temporary restoration is a dental composite, bridge, crown, or filling used until permanent, restorative dental work is carried out. These temporary materials are also known as temps or provisional restorations. In some cases, dental prostheses may take some time to be created and placed.
Tooth Abscess Drainage
A dental abscess is a collection of pus that can form inside the teeth, in the gums or in the bone that holds the teeth in place. It's caused by a bacterial infection. An abscess at the end of a tooth is called a periapical abscess. An abscess in the gum is called a periodontal abscess.
Tooth Extraction
A tooth extraction is a procedure to remove a tooth from the gum socket. It is usually done by a general dentist, an oral surgeon, or a periodontist.
Tooth Filling
A tooth filling is a procedure wherein the damaged and decayed part of a tooth is removed and the area is filled with a replacement material to protect against further damage and to restore the tooth's appearance and function.
Tooth Hemisection
Hemisection is sectioning of multi-rooted teeth with its crown portion, with the loss of periodontal attachment and is performed to retain the original tooth structure and attain the fixed prosthodontic prosthesis.
Tooth Jewelry
Tooth jewelry is an adornment that is set on the front of your tooth. This style rage lets you express your uniqueness through your smile, making it progressively one of a kind and fashionable.
Tooth Reshaping
Tooth reshaping, also called dental contouring, is a cosmetic dentistry technique that removes small amounts of tooth enamel (the outer covering of the tooth) in order to change the shape, length, or surface of one or more teeth.
Tooth Sealant
Dental sealants are thin coatings that when painted on the chewing surfaces of the back teeth (molars) can prevent cavities (tooth decay) for many years. Sealants protect the chewing surfaces from cavities by covering them with a protective shield that blocks out germs and food.
Veneers
Dental veneers are thin, tooth-colored shells that are attached to the front surface of teeth to improve their appearance. They’re often made from porcelain or resin-composite materials and are permanently bonded to your teeth.
Wisdom Tooth Extraction
Wisdom tooth extraction is a surgical procedure to remove one or more wisdom teeth — the four permanent adult teeth located at the back corners of your mouth on the top and bottom.
Zygomatic Dental Implant
Zygomatic also known as 'Zygoma' provide an alternative to bone grafting procedures in the upper jaw and are dental implants that transverse inside the poor area of your upper jaw to anchor into the underside of the cheekbones through your sinuses.
Alineadent
It is invisible 3D braces made just for each patient out of a flexible material.
All-on-2
Even though the number of people who use snap-in dentures has grown a lot in recent years, they aren't likely to replace traditional dentures completely. They are a great choice for a lot of people, but others can't stand them.
All-on-4
When you get an All-on-4 implant, you don't have to replace each missing tooth separately. Instead, a dentist will use surgery to put four titanium posts into your jawbone. These will be the main anchors. Then, they can attach a permanent denture to these four spots, giving your mouth a smooth look.
All-on-6
During the All-On-6 Dental Implant procedure, six dental implants are used to create a permanent prosthesis. It is used to hold a bridge or an overdenture in place. Six implants are put into the lower or upper jawbone to hold replacement teeth in place for good.
All-on-8
All-on-8 is a dental implant procedure in which a prosthesis is attached to the jawbone. This is similar to the popular "all-on-4" method, but the prosthesis is held in place by eight dental implants instead of four.
Alveoloplasty
Alveoloplasty is a common dental procedure that is usually done after a tooth has been removed. This procedure helps restore the natural shape of the gums and jaw, which may have been lost because of bone loss after a tooth was pulled or for another reason.
Apicoectomy
An apicoectomy is a frequent dental surgery in which inflammatory gum tissue and the end of the root of the tooth are removed while the crown of the tooth is left in place. The operation is called a "apicoectomie." Because it operates on what is known as the apex, which is the end (or tip) of your root, it is sometimes referred to as a root-end resection.
General Surgery 30 Services
Breast Abscess Drainage
Treatment for a breast abscess involves draining the area of pus. First, your doctor will numb your skin with a local anesthetic so you don't feel any pain. Then, they'll remove the pus by either making a small incision and physically draining the abscess, or by removing the pus via a needle.
Breast Lumpectomy
Lumpectomy is a surgical removal of a discrete portion or "lump" of breast tissue, usually in the treatment of a malignant tumor or breast cancer.
Breast Tumor Removal
Lumpectomy (lum-PEK-tuh-me) is surgery to remove cancer or other abnormal tissue from your breast. During a lumpectomy procedure, the surgeon removes the cancer or other abnormal tissue and a small amount of the healthy tissue that surrounds it. This ensures that all of the abnormal tissue is removed.
Cervical Sympathectomy
A cervical sympathectomy is surgery to destroy or remove nerves in your neck. The surgery is mainly used to treat hyperhidrosis (heavy sweating) in the armpits or on the hands.
Cyst Removal
The removal of a cyst refers to any procedure used to remove an abnormal soft tissue growth or pocket of fluid that forms in various parts of the body. There are several types of cyst removal procedures performed depending on the type of cyst, its size, and its location.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Diagnostic laparoscopy is a procedure that allows a doctor to look directly at the contents of the abdomen or pelvis.
Gastrectomy
Gastrectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the stomach. If only part of the stomach is removed, it is called partial gastrectomy. If the whole stomach is removed, it is called total gastrectomy.
General Surgery Consultation
Surgery consultation, which is an essential part of any surgical procedure, involves making an assessment as to whether the patient is fit to undergo surgery and if the benefits of the procedure outweigh the risk.
Hernia Repair
Open hernia repair is where an incision, or cut, is made in the groin. The hernia “sac” containing the bulging intestine is identified. The surgeon then pushes the hernia back into the abdomen and strengthens the abdominal wall with stitches or synthetic mesh.
Hiatal Hernia Surgery
Surgery to repair a hiatal hernia may involve pulling your stomach down into your abdomen and making the opening in your diaphragm smaller or reconstructing an esophageal sphincter. In some cases, hiatal hernia surgery is combined with weight-loss surgery, such as a sleeve gastrectomy.
Incisional Hernia Repair
In this surgical procedure, also known as herniorrhaphy, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen above the hernia, pushes any protruding intestine back into the abdomen and repairs the opening in the muscle wall.
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is a type of surgical procedure that allows a surgeon to access the inside of the abdomen (tummy) and pelvis without having to make large incisions in the skin. This procedure is also known as keyhole surgery or minimally invasive surgery.
Laparotomy
A laparotomy is a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity. A laparotomy is performed to examine the abdominal organs and aid diagnosis of any problems. Possible complications include infection and the formation of scar tissue within the abdominal cavity.
Lipoma Removal
Most lipomas are removed surgically by cutting them out. Recurrences after removal are uncommon. Possible side effects are scarring and bruising. A technique known as minimal excision extraction may result in less scarring. Liposuction.
Liver Resection
Liver resection is the removal of part of the liver during an operation. The body can cope with removal of up to two-thirds of the liver. The liver also has the ability to grow back. Within 3 months of your operation, the remainder of your liver will have grown back to near normal size.
Lymph Node Biopsy
A lymph node biopsy is the removal of lymph node tissue for examination under a microscope. The lymph nodes are small glands that make white blood cells (lymphocytes), which fight infection. Lymph nodes may trap the germs that are causing an infection. Cancer can spread to lymph nodes.
Lymph Nodes Removal
Lymph node removal is a surgical procedure to take out one or more of your lymph nodes. Your doctor may recommend you have this procedure if you've been diagnosed with cancer. There are two main reasons for removing lymph nodes. If you have cancer, one or more lymph nodes may be removed to check whether it has spread.
Mastectomy
A mastectomy is an operation to remove a breast. It's used to treat breast cancer in women and breast cancer in men. The operation takes about 90 minutes, and most people go home the following day.
Nephrectomy
Kidney removal, or nephrectomy, is surgery to remove all or part of a kidney. It may involve: Part of one kidney removed (partial nephrectomy). All of one kidney removed (simple nephrectomy). Removal of one entire kidney, surrounding fat, and the adrenal gland (radical nephrectomy).
Omentectomy
The benefit of an omentectomy is to remove cancer if it's spread to the omentum or to help stage the cancer to determine the most beneficial treatment. Cancer surgeries, such as an omentectomy, can cause side effects including temporary tenderness or pain.
Pleurodesis
Pleurodesis is a procedure that sticks your lung to your chest wall. This procedure removes the space between your lung and your chest wall (pleural space) so that fluid or air no longer builds up between the layers.
Robotic Surgery
Robotic surgery, or robot-assisted surgery, allows doctors to perform many types of complex procedures with more precision, flexibility and control than is possible with conventional techniques. Robotic surgery is usually associated with minimally invasive surgery — procedures performed through tiny incisions.
Splenectomy
A splenectomy is surgery to remove the entire spleen, a delicate, fist-sized organ that sits under the left rib cage near the stomach. The spleen is an important part of the body's defense (immune) system. It contains special white blood cells that destroy bacteria and help the body fight infections when you are sick.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-surgical radiation therapy used to treat functional abnormalities and small tumors of the brain. It can deliver precisely-targeted radiation in fewer high-dose treatments than traditional therapy, which can help preserve healthy tissue.
Thoracostomy
Thoracostomy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a doctor inserts a thin plastic tube into the pleural space — the area between the chest wall and lungs. They may attach the tube to a suction device to remove excess fluid or air. Or, they may use the chest tube to deliver medications into the pleural space.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is an opening created at the front of the neck so a tube can be inserted into the windpipe (trachea) to help you breathe. If necessary, the tube can be connected to an oxygen supply and a breathing machine called a ventilator.
Umbilical Hernia Repair
During umbilical hernia repair, the surgeon makes a small cut of about 2 to 3cm at the base of the belly button and pushes the fatty lump or loop of bowel back into the tummy. The muscle layers at the weak spot in the abdominal wall where the hernia came through are stitched together to strengthen them.
Adrenalectomy
Surgical removal of either one or both of the adrenal glands is referred to as an adrenalectomy. Above each of your kidneys is a little gland called an adrenal gland. Your adrenal glands generate hormones that govern your metabolism, immunological system, blood pressure, and blood sugar.
After Surgery Care
Following any kind of medical procedure, you can expect to have some side effects. Surgery will almost always include some degree of discomfort. There is also a possibility that the place where the surgeon sliced would experience swelling as well as pain. Your surgeon will be able to provide you with information on the possible adverse effects.
Appendectomy
An appendectomy is surgery that removes an infected appendix. This problem is called appendicitis. A common emergency surgery is appendectomy. The appendix is a small pouch connected to the large intestine.
Gynecology 72 Services
Breast Biopsy
A breast biopsy is a procedure to remove a sample of breast tissue for testing. The tissue sample is sent to a lab, where doctors who specialize in analyzing blood and body tissue (pathologists) examine the tissue sample and provide a diagnosis
Breast Exam
A breast self-exam for breast awareness is an inspection of your breasts that you do on your own. To help increase your breast awareness, you use your eyes and hands to determine if there are any changes to the look and feel of your breasts.
Cardiotocography (CTG)
Cardiotocography is a technique used to monitor the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy and labour. The machine used to perform the monitoring is called a cardiotocograph.
Cervical Biopsy
A cervical biopsy is a surgical procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the cervix. The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus located at the end of the vagina. A cervical biopsy is usually done after an abnormality has been found during a routine pelvic exam or Pap smear.
Cervical Cautery
Cervical Cauterization is a procedure wherein heat (or diathermy) is used for treating the cells on the neck of the cervix. This procedure causes delicate, easily broken cells to grow into newer, healthy and strong cells which are unlikely to result in discharge or irregular bleeding.
Cervical Cerclage
Cervical cerclage is a medical procedure in which your doctor places a single stitch around your cervix, the opening to your uterus. The stitch sews your cervix closed. Doctors perform cerclage to prevent late (second trimester) miscarriages and preterm (early) delivery.
Cervical Conization
Cervical conization (CPT codes 57520 (Cold Knife) and 57522 (Loop Excision)) refers to an excision of a cone-shaped sample of tissue from the mucous membrane of the cervix. Conization may be used for either diagnostic purposes as part of a biopsy or therapeutic purposes to remove pre-cancerous cells.
Cervical Polyp Removal
Cervical polyps are removed with an instrument called polyp forceps. They are used to grasp the base of the polyp and the polyp is removed with a gentle twisting motion. Occasionally, if the doctor or nurse cannot see the base of the polyp, a procedure called hysteroscopy is performed.
Cesarean Section
Cesarean section, C-section, or Cesarean birth is the surgical delivery of a baby through a cut (incision) made in the mother's abdomen and uterus. Healthcare providers use it when they believe it's safer for the mother, the baby, or both. The incision made in the skin may be: Up-and-down (vertical).
Colposcopy
Colposcopy (kol-POS-kuh-pee) is a procedure to closely examine your cervix, vagina and vulva for signs of disease. During colposcopy, your doctor uses a special instrument called a colposcope. Your doctor may recommend colposcopy if your Pap test result is abnormal.
Contraceptive Implant
The contraceptive implant (Nexplanon) is a small flexible plastic rod that's placed under the skin in your upper arm by a doctor or nurse.
Cystocele Repair
A cystocele repair is a surgery to put your bladder back in its normal place. Your surgeon will fix the wall between your bladder and vagina to keep your bladder from moving again.
Dilation and Curettage
Dilation and curettage refers to the dilation of the cervix and surgical removal of part of the lining of the uterus and/or contents of the uterus by scraping and scooping.
Ectopic Pregnancy Surgery
Salpingostomy and salpingectomy are two laparoscopic surgeries used to treat some ectopic pregnancies. In these procedure, a small incision is made in the abdomen, near or in the navel. Next, your doctor uses a thin tube equipped with a camera lens and light (laparoscope) to view the tubal area.
Endometrial Ablation
Endometrial ablation is a procedure that surgically destroys (ablates) the lining of your uterus (endometrium). The goal of endometrial ablation is to reduce menstrual flow. In some women, menstrual flow may stop completely. No incisions are needed for endometrial ablation.
Endometrial Biopsy
In an endometrial biopsy, a small piece of tissue from the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer and other cell irregularities. The procedure helps find the cause of a woman's heavy or irregular bleeding.
Endometriosis Treatment
Endometriosis (en-doe-me-tree-O-sis) is an often painful disorder in which tissue similar to the tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — grows outside your uterus. Endometriosis most commonly involves your ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining your pelvis.
Episiotomy Repair
An episiotomy should be repaired promptly to reduce blood loss and prevent infection. Repair of an episiotomy is undertaken in three stages: repair of the vaginal mucosa, repair of the muscle layer and repair of the skin layer. Adequate pain relief should be provided before suturing.
Female Sterilization
Sterilization (sometimes called female sterilization, tubal ligation, or “getting your tubes tied”) is a safe and effective surgical procedure that permanently prevents pregnancy.
Fetal Echocardiography
A fetal echocardiogram (also called a fetal echo) uses sound waves to create pictures of an unborn baby's heart. This painless ultrasound test shows the structure of the heart and how well it's working.
Fetal Medicine Consultation
Consultation: Patients are often referred to maternal-fetal medicine for consultation due to a medical condition that may complicate their pregnancy. Often, patients referred for consultation continue their prenatal care with their doctor or midwife.
Fetal Surgery
Fetal surgery is a procedure performed on an unborn baby (fetus) in the uterus (in utero) to help improve the long-term outcome of children with specific birth defects.
Four Dimensional (4D) Ultrasound
4D is the fourth dimension in ultrasound when a 3D image has another dimension; time. 4D is the latest ultrasound technology. It takes many conventional 2D images, creates a surface rendered 3D image, and adds time to the process. The result is realistic live action images of your unborn child.
Gynecologic Laparoscopy
A gynaecological laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) is a procedure to look inside your lower tummy (abdomen) to examine your womb (uterus), fallopian tubes and ovaries. Gynaecological laparoscopy can be used to diagnose a condition and/or to treat it.
Gynecology Checkup
A gyn checkup is a yearly health check — like a regular eye exam or dental checkup. Doctors often call gyn checkups "well woman visits" because they're designed to keep you healthy by catching small issues before they turn into big ones.
Gynecology Consultation
Gynaecology consultation is a routine and often diagnostic procedure performed by gynecologists to assess the general condition of the female reproductive system and determine the presence of diseases and infections. It may also relate to fertility and to a certain extent, preconception, prenatal, and maternal care.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment to relieve symptoms of the menopause. It replaces hormones that are at a lower level as you approach the menopause.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test
HPV is the name of a very common group of viruses. They do not cause any problems in most people, but some types can cause genital warts or cancer. HPV affects the skin. There are more than 100 different types.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
A vaccine that helps protect the body against infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection can cause abnormal tissue growth, such as warts, and other changes to cells.
Hymenoplasty
Hymen repair (hymenoplasty) is the cosmetic repair, restoration, or construction of a woman's hymen, and is often requested by women for physical, psychological, or cultural reasons. Restoration of the hymen is also known as hymenoplasty or revirginization.
Hymenotomy
A hymenectomy (sometimes referred to as hymenotomy) is a surgical procedure where an opening is created in the hymen. It is often used when a person has a hymen that is abnormally thick, septate, or otherwise obstructing the flow of menstruation (imperforate hymen).
Hysterectomy
A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the womb (uterus). You'll no longer be able to get pregnant after the operation. If you have not already gone through the menopause, you'll no longer have periods, regardless of your age. Many women have a hysterectomy. It's more common for women aged 40 to 50.
Hysteroscopy
A hysteroscopy is a procedure used to examine the inside of the womb (uterus). It's carried out using a hysteroscope, which is a narrow telescope with a light and camera at the end. Images are sent to a monitor so your doctor or specialist nurse can see inside your womb.
Hysterosonography
What is a Hysterosonogram? Hysterosonography, also called Sonohysterography or Saline Infusion Sonography, is a minimally invasive Ultrasound exam that provides images of the inside of the uterus to help diagnose the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Intrauterine Device (IUD) Placement
IUDs are shaped like a T, with one arm on either side. The doctor will fold down the arms and place the device into an applicator tube, then insert the tube through your cervix into your uterus. Once the IUD is in place, the arms will release and the doctor will remove the applicator tube.
Intrauterine Device (IUD) Removal
The IUD is removed by securely grasping the threads at the external os with ring forceps. Traction should be applied away from the cervix. If resistance is met, the removal should be abandoned until it is determined why the IUD is not moving. A deeply embedded IUD may have to be removed hysteroscopically.
Menopause Checkup
This is a home-use test kit to measure Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in your urine. This may help indicate if you are in menopause or perimenopause.
Microdochectomy
A Microdochectomy is a surgical procedure in which a single duct is removed from the nipple areolar complex. It is usually undertaken when a patient has nipple discharge from a single duct. The patient will be asked not squeeze the nipple before attending the operating theatre.
Myomectomy
Myomectomy (my-o-MEK-tuh-me) is a surgical procedure to remove uterine fibroids — also called leiomyomas (lie-o-my-O-muhs). These common noncancerous growths appear in the uterus. Uterine fibroids usually develop during childbearing years, but they can occur at any age.
Nuchal Translucency Scan (NT scan)
An NT scan is a common screening test that occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. This test measures the size of the clear tissue, called the nuchal translucency, at the back of your baby's neck. It's not unusual for a fetus to have fluid or clear space at the back of their neck.
Oophorectomy
An oophorectomy (oh-of-uh-REK-tuh-me) is a surgical procedure to remove one or both of your ovaries. Your ovaries are almond-shaped organs that sit on each side of the uterus in your pelvis. Your ovaries contain eggs and produce hormones that control your menstrual cycle.
Ovarian Cyst Removal
Laparoscopy. Using a laparoscope — a slim, lighted instrument inserted into your abdomen through a small incision — your doctor can see your ovaries and remove the ovarian cyst. This is a surgical procedure that requires anesthesia.
Ovarian Transposition Surgery
A procedure used to help keep a woman fertile by preventing damage to the ovaries during radiation therapy. Before radiation therapy begins, one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes are separated from the uterus and attached to the wall of the abdomen away from where the radiation will be given.
Ovarian Tumor Removal
The first goal of ovarian cancer surgery is to stage the cancer − to see how far the cancer has spread from the ovary. Usually this means removing the uterus (this operation is called a hysterectomy), along with both ovaries and fallopian tubes (this is called a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or BSO).
Pap Smear Test
A Pap smear (also called a Pap test) screens for cervical cancer. The test checks for abnormal cells in the cervix that are cancerous or have the potential to become cancerous. During a Pap smear, your healthcare provider takes cells from the cervix to examine under a microscope for signs of cancer.
Pelvic Adhesiolysis
Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is a surgery that removes adhesions from inside the uterus. Adhesions can cause pain and complications with pregnancy. Having adhesions in the uterus is also called Asherman syndrome.
Pelvic Exam
Pelvic exam. A doctor or nurse inserts one or two lubricated, gloved fingers of one hand into the vagina and presses on the lower abdomen with the other hand. This is done to feel the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries. The vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, and rectum are also checked. Enlarge.
Pelvic Floor Electrical Stimulator
During pelvic floor electrical stimulation, a low-grade electrical current (similar to “TENS” units used in physical therapy) stimulates the muscles to contract creating a muscular response similar to Kegels (an exercise for your pelvic floor muscles).
Pelvic Floor Repair
A pelvic floor repair is the most common surgery for prolapse. It is a broad term used to describe simple surgical repairs of the pelvic floor. More specifically, the term anterior repair refers to correction of the front wall of the vagina; and posterior repair refers to correction of the back wall of the vagina.
Pessary Placement
A pessary is a prosthetic device that can be inserted into the vagina to support its internal structure. It's often used in the case of urinary incontinence and a vaginal or pelvic organ prolapse. A prolapse occurs when the vagina or another organ in the pelvis slips out of its usual place.
Pregnancy Ultrasound
A pregnancy ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of how a baby is developing in the womb. It is also used to check the female pelvic organs during pregnancy.
Prenatal Counseling
Preconception counseling is an appointment with your healthcare provider that's used to plan for a future pregnancy. Your family history, risk factors, medical conditions and lifestyle are all discussed. This appointment is an important part of a planned and healthy pregnancy.
Prenatal Testing
Prenatal screening tests can identify whether your baby is more or less likely to have certain birth defects, many of which are genetic disorders. These tests include blood tests, a specific type of ultrasound and prenatal cell-free DNA screening.
Presacral Neurectomy
Presacral Neurectomy is the surgical removal of the presacral plexus, the group of nerves that conducts the pain signal from the uterus to the brain.
Screening for Down Syndrome (Triple Test)
The triple screen measures serum hCG, AFP and unconjugated estriol to calculate the risk of Down syndrome and can detect up to 69% of Down syndrome pregnancies. Currently, the quadruple test, usually performed at 15-18 weeks' gestation, is the most common screening test performed in the second trimester.
Tubal Ligation Reversal
A tubal ligation reversal is a procedure to reverse a tubal ligation — when the fallopian tubes are cut or blocked to permanently prevent pregnancy. During a tubal ligation reversal, your doctor removes the obstructed area of the fallopian tubes and reattaches the fallopian tubes to allow pregnancy.
Urodynamic Evaluation
Urodynamic testing is any procedure that looks at how well parts of the lower urinary tract—the bladder, sphincters, and urethra—work to store and release urine. Most urodynamic tests focus on how well your bladder can hold and empty urine.
Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a procedure to treat fibroids without surgery. Uterine fibroids are noncancerous (benign) tumors that develop in the uterus (womb). During the procedure, the blood supply to the fibroids is cut off. This typically causes the fibroids to shrink.
Uterine Prolapse Surgery
Hysterectomy and prolapse repair: Uterine prolapse may be treated by removing the uterus in a surgical procedure called a hysterectomy. This may be done through a cut (incision) made in the vagina (vaginal hysterectomy) or through the abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy).
Uterosacral Nerve Ablation
Laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation (LUNA) involves the destruction of a small segment of ligament that carries nerve fibres within the pelvis.
Vaginal Childbirth
A vaginal delivery is the birth of offspring in mammals (babies in humans) through the vagina (also called the "birth canal"). It is the most common method of childbirth worldwide.
Vaginal Culture Test
Vaginal culture; Female genital tract culture; Culture - cervix. Endocervical culture is a laboratory test that helps identify infection in the female genital tract.
Vaginal Vault Prolapse Surgery
Vaginal vault prolapse is descent of the vaginal apex (after hysterectomy) into the lower vagina, to the hymenal ring, or through the vaginal introitus.
Vaginectomy
Vaginectomy is a surgery to remove all or part of the vagina. It is usually used as a treatment for vaginal cancer.
Vaginismus Treatment
Vaginismus is the body's automatic reaction to the fear of some or all types of vaginal penetration. Whenever penetration is attempted, your vaginal muscles tighten up on their own. You have no control over it. Occasionally, you can get vaginismus even if you have previously enjoyed painless penetrative sex.
Vaginoplasty
Vaginoplasty is a procedure to construct or repair a vagina. It treats various medical issues, including vaginal injury due to childbirth and pelvic floor disease complications. It's also for creating a transgender vagina, which helps individuals achieve their preferred gender identity.
Vulval Biopsy
A vulva biopsy is when a doctor takes a small sample of tissue from an abnormal area of the vulva. They send this to a laboratory to be examined under a microscope. A biopsy can help to diagnose vulval cancer.
Vulval Skin Treatment
The vulva is the outer part of the female reproductive system. It's also part of the external genitalia. The vulva includes the mons pubis. This is the rounded area in front of the pubic bones at the lower part of the belly (abdomen). It becomes covered with hair at puberty.
Vulvectomy
A vulvectomy is removal of part or all of the vulva. The vulva is the outer portion of a woman's genitals and includes: The labia minora and majora (small and large lips). Clitoris.
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing or treatment. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects a baby during pregnancy. This fluid contains fetal cells and various proteins.
Antenatal Care (ANC)
Antenatal care is the care you get from a doctor or nurse before you have your baby. It can also be called maternity care or care for pregnant women. You will be given appointments with a midwife or, sometimes, a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth.
Bartholin's Cyst Treatment
Both sides of the vaginal entrance are home to a pair of glands. These glands produce fluid that contributes to keeping the vaginal tract moist. Bartholin's cyst is an enlargement of one of these glands caused by blocked or partially blocked entrances, which is usually painless.
Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) 46 Services
Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
The system consists of three components: the titanium fixture, the abutment and the external sound processor. Baha is a technology that combines a sound processor with a small titanium fixture implanted behind the ear. This unique system allows the bone to transfer sound to a functioning cochlea (See How the Ear Works) rather than via the middle ear – a process known as direct bone conduction.
Cochlear Implant
A cochlear implant is a small electronic device that electrically stimulates the cochlear nerve (nerve for hearing). The implant has external and internal parts. The external part sits behind the ear. It picks up sounds with a microphone. It then processes the sound and transmits it to the internal part of the implant.
Dacryocystorhinostomy
Vestibular rehabilitation is an exercise-based program, designed by a specialty-trained vestibular physical therapist, to improve balance and reduce problems related to dizziness.
Decortication of Vocal Cords
In Reinke's edema, the vocal cords swell past their normal size and/or develop polyps, which affects the patient's voice quality. Decortication of the vocal cords involves removing layers of the vocal cords to improve the condition and restore the original voice as much as possible.
Ear Cleaning
Ear cleaning (by a doctor): When ear wax accumulates enough, it may block the ear canal (and hearing). A health care professional may have to wash it out, vacuum it, or remove it with special instruments. Alternatively, your physician may prescribe ear drops that are designed to soften the wax.
Ear, Nose and Throat Consultation
A general ENT consultation is an appointment with an otolaryngologist for conditions affecting the ears, nose and throat. Although the three organs appear distinct from one another, all of them are part of the upper respiratory system. They also have similarities, including the mucous lining.
Glossectomy
A glossectomy is the surgery done to remove part of or all of the tongue. It can be used to treat cancers of the tongue, some oral cavity (inside the mouth) and throat cancers. The tongue's jobs include tasting, swallowing, breathing, licking and speaking.
Hearing Aids
Hearing aids work by amplifying sound through a three-part system: The microphone receives sound and converts it into a digital signal. The amplifier increases the strength of the digital signal. The speaker produces the amplified sound into the ear.
Hearing Assessment
An audiological assessment is a painless, noninvasive hearing test that measures a person's ability to hear different sounds, pitches or frequencies.
Impedence Audiometry
Impedance or immitance audiometry is an objective assessment method of the function of the middle ear. By increasing acoustic pressure in the external ear canal, impedance audiometry measures the sum of resistance which a sound wave encounters on its way through the middle ear to the cochlear receptor.
Laryngeal Surgery
Laryngeal framework surgery is used to treat patients with vocal cord paralysis or laryngeal stenosis, to restore the original shape of their larynx. It also can be used to treat people who have had cancer, surgery that caused nerve damage or a trauma to the larynx.
Laryngectomy
A laryngectomy is a major surgery that is done to remove your voice box, or larynx. Your larynx is the part of your throat that contains your voice box. It's located at the upper end of your windpipe (trachea). Your larynx is important for breathing, swallowing, and speaking.
Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy is a procedure a doctor uses to look at the larynx (voice box), including the vocal cords, as well as nearby structures like the back of the throat.
Mastoidectomy
A mastoidectomy is surgery to remove cells in the hollow, air-filled spaces in the skull behind the ear within the mastoid bone. These cells are called mastoid air cells.
Middle Ear Analysis
A tympanometry measurement makes it possible to evaluate the middle ear mobility (compliance) in response to changes in air pressure and gives information about the air pressure status in the middle ear. The results of a tympanometry test are recorded on a graph called a tympanogram.
Myringoplasty
A myringoplasty is a surgery performed by an otolaryngologist to repair a hole in the eardrum. In this surgery, the hole is repaired by placing a graft made of either a small piece of tissue from elsewhere on the body, or a gel-like material.
Myringotomy
A myringotomy is a procedure to create a hole in the ear drum to allow fluid that is trapped in the middle ear to drain out. The fluid may be blood, pus and/or water. In many cases, a small tube is inserted into the hole in the ear drum to help maintain drainage.
Nasal Endoscopy
Nasal endoscopy is a procedure to look at the nasal and sinus passages. It's done with an endoscope. This is a thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera and a light. An ear, nose, and throat doctor (otolaryngologist) will often do this procedure in his or her office.
Nasal Obstruction Treatment
Nasal Obstruction is anything that restricts airflow in and out of the nose affecting one or both nasal passages. Nasal obstruction is usually caused by either swelling of the nasal tissue or an anatomical blockage which results in a narrowing of the nasal cavity and the feeling of the passages being congested.
Nasal Polyps Removal
In endoscopic surgery, the surgeon inserts a small tube with a lighted magnifying lens or tiny camera (endoscope) into your nostrils and guides it into your sinus cavities. He or she uses tiny instruments to remove polyps and other substances that block the flow of fluids from your sinuses.
Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy
Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, diagnostic medical procedure that uses a flexible fibre-optic endoscope to visualize the structures inside the nasal passages, including the sinus openings, the larynx, and the vocal cords. The type of endoscope used for this procedure is called a nasopharyngolaryngoscope.
Neck Dissection
Neck dissection is a major surgery done to remove lymph nodes that contain cancer. It is done in the hospital. Before surgery, you will receive general anesthesia. This will make you sleep and unable to feel pain.
Nose Fracture Treatment
A nose fracture is a break in the bone or cartilage over the bridge, or in the sidewall or septum (structure that divides the nostrils) of the nose. A nasal fracture is a break in the bone over the ridge of the nose. It usually results from a blunt injury and is one of the most common facial fracture.
Ossicular Chain Reconstruction
Ossicular chain reconstruction (also called middle ear bone surgery) can improve conductive hearing. It can be done to replace a damaged malleus or incus bone. During surgery, you will be given local anesthesia with sedation.
Parotid Surgery
A parotidectomy is the surgical excision (removal) of the parotid gland, the major and largest of the salivary glands. The procedure is most typically performed due to neoplasms (tumors), which are growths of rapidly and abnormally dividing cells. Neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Pediatric Tongue-Tie Surgery
A simple surgery called a frenotomy is an effective treatment for many children. A healthcare provider can often do this procedure in the office. The provider makes a cut in the frenulum. This lets the tongue move normally.
Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA) Treatment
A peritonsillar abscess, also known as a PTA, is collection of pus that is formed behind the tonsils. Unlike tonsillitis, which is more common in children, a peritonsillar abscess occurs just as frequently in adults as it does in children.
Radiofrequency Tissue Reduction of Turbinates
Radiofrequency turbinate reduction is a procedure in which a needle-like instrument is inserted into the turbinate and energy is transmitted to the tissue to cause a controlled damage, so by the time healing process occurs, the turbinates will be reduced, allowing improved airflow through the nose.
Salivary Gland Tumor Removal
Surgery for tumors in a sublingual gland involves removal (excision) of the entire gland. The sublingual glands are underneath your tongue on either side of the floor of your mouth. Your surgeon will make a cut (an incision) inside your mouth to remove the gland along with some of the surrounding tissue.
Salivary Stones Treatment
Salivary stones, also called sialolithiasis, are hardened mineral deposits that form in the salivary glands. The condition is more likely to affect people age 30 to 60 and men are more likely to get salivary stones than women.
Septoplasty
Septoplasty (SEP-toe-plas-tee) is a surgical procedure to straighten the bone and cartilage dividing the space between your two nostrils (septum). When the septum is crooked, it's known as a deviated septum.
Sinus Surgery
Sinus surgery is a group of procedures available to ENTs to help patients find relief from recurrent sinus infection or symptoms. Sometimes patients with abnormal growths or structures don't respond well to allergy treatments or antibiotics. Both methods are the first call to action to help patients find relief.
Sleep Apnea Surgery
Sleep surgery is a surgery performed to treat sleep disordered breathing. Sleep disordered breathing is a spectrum of disorders that includes snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Snoring Treatment Consultation
To diagnose sleep apnea, your doctor will observe your signs and symptoms, and will review your medical history. Your doctor will likewise do a physical examination.
Stapedectomy
A stapedectomy is surgery to treat hearing loss caused by otosclerosis. This condition affects your hearing by damaging your stape, a tiny U-shaped bone in your middle ear. Your stape helps you hear by sending sound waves from your middle ear to your inner ear.
Submandibular Gland Surgery
Submandibular gland removal is surgery to take out a saliva gland below the lower jaw. The gland may have been removed because of infection, a tumour, or a blocked saliva duct. A saliva duct is a tube that carries saliva from the gland into the mouth.
Thyroid Scan
A thyroid scan is a nuclear medicine examination that uses the emissions of gamma rays from radioactive iodine to help determine whether a patient has thyroid problems, including hyperthyroidism, cancer, or other growths.
Thyroidectomy
Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck. It produces hormones that control every aspect of your metabolism, from your heart rate to how quickly you burn calories.
Tonsillectomy
Tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. A tonsillectomy was once a common procedure to treat infection and inflammation of the tonsils (tonsillitis).
Turbinate Surgery
Turbinate surgery, or inferior turbinate reduction, is a procedure where the inferior nasal turbinates are examined and reduced in size to provide improved nasal airflow. Surgery is typically performed through the nostrils on both sides of the nose.
Tympanoplasty
Tympanoplasty is a surgery to repair the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin layer of tissue that vibrates in response to sound.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is surgery to open the upper airways by taking out extra tissue in the throat. It may be done alone to treat mild obstructive sleep apnea or snoring or with other procedures to treat moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Uvulopalatoplasty
Uvulopalatoplasty is a surgical procedure performed with the aim of reducing or eliminating snoring. It is an out-patient procedure, in which a laser is used to remove parts or all of the uvula at the rear of the mouth. The surgery usually requires three to five visits, with each lasting less than 30 minutes.
Voice Restoration Surgery
Surgical voice restoration is a means of re-connecting the patient's pulmonary airflow to a vibratory source to produce a pseudo-voice.
Adenoidectomy
Adenoidectomy, often known as adenoid removal, is the medical term for the surgical removal of the adenoid glands. A denoids are an important part of the immune system, there are instances when they may become inflamed, swollen, and enlarged due to a persistent infection. This might be the result of an infection, an allergic reaction, or another factor.
Audiometry
An audiometry test looks at how well you can hear sounds. Sounds are different based on how loud they are (their intensity) and how fast their sound waves move (tone). When sound waves hit the nerves in the inner ear, we can hear. The sound is then sent to the brain along nerve pathways.
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Cauda Equina Syndrome Treatment
Cauda equina syndrome is best treated with decompression by a lumbar laminectomy, but a lumbar microdiscectomy may be used given a patient's unique situation. The patient will likely be kept in the hospital for a few days following the surgery to monitor recovery of motor and sensory function.
Cerebral Palsy Management
There is no cure for CP, but a child's quality of life can improve with: treatment that may involve medicine or surgery. therapy, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. special equipment to help kids get around and communicate with others.
Dementia Management
Dementia is a general term for loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia.
Epilepsy Consultation
Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations and sometimes loss of awareness. Anyone can develop epilepsy.
Epilepsy Treatment
Epilepsy is a common condition that affects the brain and causes frequent seizures. Seizures are bursts of electrical activity in the brain that temporarily affect how it works. They can cause a wide range of symptoms. Epilepsy can start at any age, but usually starts either in childhood or in people over 60.
Huntington's Disease Consultation
Huntington's disease is a rare, inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington's disease has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders.
Migraine Treatment
A migraine is a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It's often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Consultation
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS , the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Management
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS , the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.
Neurological Rehabilitation
Neurological rehabilitation (rehab) is a doctor-supervised program designed for people with diseases, injury, or disorders of the nervous system. Neurological rehab can often improve function, reduce symptoms, and improve the well-being of the patient.
Neurology Consultation
Neurology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities. It has two major divisions: Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord.
Pain Management
Pain Management is a medical approach that draws on disciplines in science and alternative healing to study the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of pain.
Parkinson's Disease Consultation
Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement. Symptoms start gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. Tremors are common, but the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement.
Parkinson's Disease Treatment
Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement. Symptoms start gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. Tremors are common, but the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement.
Spina Bifida Consultation
Spina bifida is when a baby's spine and spinal cord does not develop properly in the womb, causing a gap in the spine. Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect. The neural tube is the structure that eventually develops into the baby's brain and spinal cord.
Stroke Consultation
A stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition that happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off. Strokes are a medical emergency and urgent treatment is essential. The sooner a person receives treatment for a stroke, the less damage is likely to happen.
Torticollis Treatment
Torticollis is a problem involving the muscles of the neck that causes the head to tilt down. The term comes from two Latin words: tortus, which means twisted, and collum, which means neck. Sometimes it's called “wryneck.” If your baby has the condition at birth, it's called congenital muscular torticollis.
Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment
Trigeminal neuralgia is sudden, severe facial pain. It's often described as a sharp shooting pain or like having an electric shock in the jaw, teeth or gums. It usually happens in short, unpredictable attacks that can last from a few seconds to about 2 minutes. The attacks stop as suddenly as they start.
Alzheimer's Disease Consultation
Your primary doctor, a doctor who specializes in brain problems (neurologist), or a doctor who knows how to treat older people (geriatrician) will look at your medical history, medications, and symptoms to figure out if you have Alzheimer's dementia. Your doctor will also do a number of tests on you.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Consultation
A neurologist will usually do tests to rule out many of the other things that could cause a patient's symptoms. How long it takes to make a diagnosis depends on the type of symptoms, how quickly or slowly they get worse or change, and what other diseases have to be ruled out.
Bell's Palsy Treatment
Bell's palsy is a disease that makes the muscles on one side of the face suddenly weak. Most of the time, the weakness is temporary and gets much better over a few weeks.
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Blowout Fracture Treatment
Most simple blowout fractures do not require surgical repair and do not cause lasting problems. Immediate treatment consists of: ice to decrease swelling. decongestants to aid in the drainage of blood and fluid accumulating in the sinuses.
Capsulotomy
Capsulotomy is a type of eye surgery in which an incision is made into the capsule of the crystalline lens of the eye. In modern cataract operations, the lens capsule is usually not removed.
Cataract Surgery
Cataract surgery is a procedure to remove the lens of your eye and, in most cases, replace it with an artificial lens. Normally, the lens of your eye is clear. A cataract causes the lens to become cloudy, which eventually affects your vision.
Chalazion Treatment
Treatment. Most chalazions require minimal medical treatment and clear up on their own in a few weeks to a month. Apply warm compresses to the eyelid for 10 to 15 minutes, 4 to 6 times a day for several days. The warm compresses may help soften the hardened oil that is blocking the ducts and allow drainage and healing.
Conjunctival Cyst Treatment
If your conjunctival cyst is affecting your vision or your quality of life, you and your doctor may decide on more aggressive treatment.
Corneal Abrasion Repair
A corneal abrasion is a scratch, scrape on the surface of your cornea. Fingernails, makeup brushes and tree branches are common culprits of corneal abrasions. Some other causes of corneal abrasion are rubbing your eye and having very dry eyes.
Corneal Cross-linking (CXL)
Corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and UV-A light is a surgical treatment for corneal ectasia such as keratoconus, PMD, and post-LASIK ectasia. It is used in an attempt to make the cornea stronger. According to a 2015 Cochrane review, there is insufficient evidence to determine if it is useful in keratoconus.
Corneal Pachymetry
Corneal pachymetry is the process of measuring the thickness of the cornea. A pachymeter is a medical device used to measure the thickness of the eye's cornea.
Dacryoadenectomy
Dacryocystectomy is a well-established oculo plastics procedure that refers to a complete surgical extirpation of the lacrimal sac. It was first described by Woolhouse in 1724 and was the standard of care before the advent of dacryocystorhinostomy for management of dacryocystitis and lacrimal fistulas.
Detached Retina Treatment
Removing and replacing the jelly inside your eye (vitrectomy) attaching a small band around your eye to push the wall of your eye and retina closer together (scleral buckling) injecting a bubble of gas into your eye to push the retina against the back of your eye (pneumatic retinopexy)
Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment
For diabetic retinopathy that is threatening or affecting your sight, the main treatments are: laser treatment – to treat the growth of new blood vessels at the back of the eye (retina) in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and to stabilise some cases of maculopathy.
Entropion/Ectropion Eyelid Repair
An entropion or ectropion repair is an operation to correct an eyelid that turns in or turns out. The operation should improve symptoms caused by entropion or ectropion.
Enucleation of the Eye
Enucleation is the surgical removal of the entire eyeball leaving behind the lining of the eyelids and muscles of the eye. Evisceration removes only the contents of the eye, leaving the white part of the eye (the sclera) and the eye muscles intact.
Exophthalmos Treatment
Exophthalmos, also known as proptosis, is the medical term for bulging or protruding eyeballs. It can affect 1 or both eyes and is most often caused by thyroid eye disease.
Eye Cancer Treatment
If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it's called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular cancers in adults are melanoma and lymphoma. The most common eye cancer in children is retinoblastoma, which starts in the cells of the retina. Cancer can also spread to the eye from other parts of the body
Eye Examination
An eye examination is a series of tests performed to assess vision and ability to focus on and discern objects. It also includes other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes. Eye examinations are primarily performed by an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or an orthoptist.
Eye Implant
The bionic vision system consists of a camera, attached to a pair of glasses, which transmits high-frequency radio signals to a microchip implanted in the retina. Electrodes on the implanted chip convert these signals into electrical impulses to stimulate cells in the retina that connect to the optic nerve.
Eye Muscle Repair
Eye muscle repair is surgery to correct eye muscle problems that cause strabismus (crossed eyes). Strabismus surgery corrects and aligns the muscles of the eye. The conjunctiva links the eyeball to the eye socket. The external muscles of the eye are found behind the conjunctiva.
Eye Surgery
LASIK eye surgery can help you correct refractive errors in vision such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. The procedure uses a state-of-the-art laser to reshape your cornea so that it focuses light properly. The end result is clearer, sharper vision.
Fluorescein Angiogram
A fluorescein angiography is a medical procedure in which a fluorescent dye is injected into the bloodstream. The dye highlights the blood vessels in the back of the eye so they can be photographed. This test is often used to manage eye disorders.
Glaucoma Examination
In assessing your glaucoma, the ophthalmologist will dilate your eyes so that he or she can get a magnified, 3D view of your optic nerve. This helps to determine the status of your optic nerves and glaucoma. He or she will assess the shape, color, depth, size, and vessels of the optic nerve.
Glaucoma Treatment
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness for people over the age of 60.
Implantable Contact Lens (ICL)
Implantable contact lenses (ICL) are soft, flexible implants which are similar to traditional contact lenses. They are implanted within the eye between the natural lens and the iris. It's a bit like having permanent contact lenses that you never have to take out, clean or think about.
Intracorneal Ring Segment (ICRS) Implantation
Intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation represents a modern, minimally invasive, surgical option for visual improvement in patients with keratoconus. ICRS modify the corneal geometry in a manner that enhances its refractive properties and thereby, they improve visual acuity.
Intraocular Lens (IOL) Implant
An intraocular lens implant is an artificial replacement for the lens of your eye. It's part of the surgery to fix cataracts.
Intravitreal Injection
An intravitreal injection is a shot of medicine into the eye. The inside of the eye is filled with a jelly-like fluid (vitreous). During this procedure, your health care provider injects medicine into the vitreous, near the retina at the back of the eye.
Iridectomy
An iridectomy, also known as a surgical iridectomy or corectomy, is the surgical removal of part of the iris. These procedures are most frequently performed in the treatment of closed-angle glaucoma and iris melanoma.
Iridodialysis Treatment
Iridodialysis is the disinsertion of the iris from the scleral spur. It is in contrast from cyclodialysis, which is disinsertion of the ciliary body from the scleral spur. This patient suffers from monocular diplopia and glare.
Iridoplasty
Iridoplasty, also known as gonioplasty, uses low-energy laser burns to the peripheral iris in order to widen the anterior chamber angle and/or break peripheral anterior synechiae.
Iris Repair Surgery
Iris surgeries come in the form of iris repair (iridoplasty) or an iris prosthesis. Iris repair often involves the use of sutures inside the eye to reshape the iris to its original shape, re-creating a round pupil. Sometimes the surgeon may cut some of the existing iris to help improve the appearance.
Keratoprosthesi
Keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure where a diseased cornea is replaced with an artificial cornea. Traditionally, keratoprosthesis is recommended after a person has had a failure of one or more donor corneal transplants.
Laser Coagulation
Laser photocoagulation is eye surgery using a laser to shrink or destroy abnormal structures in the retina, or to intentionally cause scarring.
Laser Eye Surgery (LASEK)
LASEK is an eye surgery that combines many of the benefits of other vision correction surgeries. Laser epithelial keratomileusis, or LASEK, combines benefits of the two most commonly performed procedures -- LASIK and PRK. LASEK eye surgery is used to treat astigmatism, nearsightedness, or farsightedness.
Laser Eye Surgery (LASIK)
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) can be an alternative to glasses or contact lenses. During LASIK surgery, a special type of cutting laser is used to precisely change the shape of the dome-shaped clear tissue at the front of your eye (cornea) to improve vision.
Macular Hole Surgery
A macular hole can often be repaired using an operation called a vitrectomy. The operation is successful in closing the hole in around 9 out of 10 people who've had the hole for less than 6 months. If the hole has been present for a year or longer, the success rate will be lower.
Ocular Biometry
Ocular biometry is a test that measures the dimensions of the eyeball: the axial length (distance between the anterior and posterior parts of the eye) and the depth of the anterior chamber (part between the cornea and the iris and lens).
Ophthalmology Consultation
Ophthalmology is the study of medical conditions relating to the eye. Ophthalmologists are doctors who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of this organ.
Optic Neuropathy Treatment
Optic neuropathy is a catch-all term that refers to damage inflicted on the optic nerve in your eye. This is the nerve in the back of the eyeball that transfers visual information from your eye to the brain, allowing you to see. This condition is one that gets worse over time, when not treated.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive diagnostic instrument used for imaging the retina. It is the technology for the future because it can enhance patient care. It has the ability to detect problems in the eye prior to any symptoms being present in the patient.
Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
A photorefractive keratectomy is performed to treat refractive errors in your eyes. By using a laser to change the shape of your cornea, this procedure improves the way rays of light are focused on your retina.
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK)
Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) is a type of eye surgery that uses a laser to treat various ocular disorders by removing tissue from the cornea. PTK allows the removal of superficial corneal opacities and surface irregularities.
Pinguecula Treatment
Pinguecula is an abnormal growth of tissue on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white of the eye. A pinguecula is a yellowish raised growth on the conjunctiva typically adjacent to the border where the colored part of the eye meets the white part of the eye.
Presbyopia Treatment
Presbyopia is the gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. It's a natural, often annoying part of aging. Presbyopia usually becomes noticeable in your early to mid-40s and continues to worsen until around age 65.
Pterygium Surgery
Pterygium surgery is a procedure performed to remove noncancerous conjunctiva growths (pterygia) from the eye. The conjunctiva is the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Some cases of a pterygium produce little to no symptoms.
Recurrent Corneal Erosion Treatment
Recurrent Corneal Erosion (RCE) syndrome is a common, recurrent condition caused by abnormal epithelial adhesion to the underlying basal lamina. The spontaneous breakdown of the corneal epithelium can lead to the sudden onset of ocular pain, blurred vision, tearing, and photophobia, typically upon awakening.
Refractive Eye Surgery
Refractive eye surgery is optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement.
Retinitis Pigmentosa Treatment
Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of related eye disorders that cause progressive vision loss. These disorders affect the retina, which is the layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye . In people with retinitis pigmentosa, vision loss occurs as the light-sensing cells of the retina gradually deteriorate.
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a relatively new refractive procedure designed to treat a multitude of refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism.
Staphyloma Treatment
A staphyloma is an abnormal protrusion of the uveal tissue through a weak point in the eyeball. The protrusion is generally black in colour, due to the inner layers of the eye. It occurs due to weakening of outer layer of eye (cornea or sclera) by an inflammatory or degenerative condition.
Strabismus Treatment
Strabismus (crossed eyes) is a condition in which the eyes do not line up with one another. In other words, one eye is turned in a direction that is different from the other eye. Under normal conditions, the six muscles that control eye movement work together and point both eyes at the same direction.
Tear Duct Surgery
A dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a surgery that creates a new path for tears to drain between your eyes and your nose. You may need this surgery if your tear duct has become blocked.
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy is a type of glaucoma surgery performed on the eye that creates a new pathway for fluid inside the eye to be drained. This is an outpatient procedure performed in the operating room. It is used to prevent worsening of vision loss due to glaucoma by lowering eye pressure.
Vitrectomy
A vitrectomy is a type of eye surgery to treat various problems with the retina and vitreous. During the surgery, your surgeon removes the vitreous and replaces it with another solution. The vitreous is a gel-like substance that fills the middle portion of your eye.
Xanthelasma Removal
Xanthelasma is a well-circumscribed flat or slightly elevated yellowish growth that typically occurs on or around the eyelids. It is made up of cholesterol deposits that accumulate underneath the skin and is usually an obvious clinical diagnosis.
Amniotic Membrane Transplant
Amniotic membrane, or amnion, is the innermost layer of the placenta. It is made up of a thick basement membrane and an avascular stromal matrix. Different types of surgery have used amniotic membrane transplantation as a graft or a dressing.
Anti-VEGF Therapy
Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, also called anti–VEGF therapy or medication, is the use of drugs that block angiogenesis. This is done to treat some types of cancer and macular degeneration caused by getting older.
Astigmatism Correction
Eyeglasses, contact lenses, and even refractive surgery are all viable options for astigmatism treatment. In certain cases, cataract surgery may be able to rectify the issue.
Band Keratopathy Treatment
Band Keratopathy is a type of corneal degeneration that is usually caused by calcium deposits in the sub-epithelium, Bowman's layer, and anterior stroma that look like fine dust. It usually looks like a cloudy band that goes from the edge of the cornea to the middle.
Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB) Treatment
Injections of botulinum toxin, which may relax the muscles and put an end to spasms, are the recommended course of therapy for the majority of instances with BEB. Other treatment options include drugs or surgery, either local surgery of the eye muscles or deep brain stimulation surgery. Both of these procedures are considered invasive procedures.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Treatment
AMD is an eye disease that can make it hard to see clearly in the center of your field of vision. It happens when damage to the macula, which is the part of the eye that controls clear, straight-on vision, is caused by getting older. Part of the retina is the macula.
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Bone Fracture Treatment
Treatment includes immobilising the bone with a plaster cast, or surgically inserting metal rods or plates to hold the bone pieces together. Some complicated fractures may need surgery and surgical traction.
Boutonniere Deformity Treatment
The most common treatment for boutonniere deformity involves stabilizing your finger with a splint that rests on the middle joint. The splint creates pressure to straighten and immobilize the finger.
Bow Legs Treatment
The bowed legs can be corrected gradually using an adjustable frame. The surgeon cuts the bone and connects an adjustable external frame to it with wires and pins.
Bunion Surgery
For a severe bunion, surgery may involve removing the enlarged portion of the bone, cutting and realigning the bone, and correcting the position of the tendons and ligaments. Arthritic bunion or big toe joint. If the joint is damaged beyond repair, as is often seen in arthritis, it may need to be fused.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgery
During carpal tunnel release, a surgeon makes an incision in the palm of your hand over the carpal tunnel ligament and cuts through the ligament to relieve pressure on the median nerve. The surgery may be done by making one incision on the palm side of the wrist, or by making several small incisions.
Cervical Fracture Treatment
A minor (compression) fracture is often treated with a cervical collar or brace worn for six to eight weeks until the bone heals on its own. A more severe or complex fracture may require traction, or surgical repair or a spinal fusion.
Cervical Strain Treatment
Most patients feel relief using anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen, or using ice, moist heat or a neck brace. Physical therapy, massage and stretching can also be effective. Generally, symptoms resolve in a few days to a few weeks.
Chondroma Treatment
Curettage describes a procedure in which a tumor is surgically scraped out of the bone, leaving a cavity that is then packed with either donor bone tissue (allograft), bone chips taken from another bone (autograft), or other materials depending on the preference of the surgeon.
Clubfoot Treatment
Treatment for club foot usually starts within 1 to 2 weeks of your baby being born. The main treatment, called the Ponseti method, involves gently manipulating and stretching your baby's foot into a better position. It's then put into a cast. This is repeated every week for about 5 to 8 weeks.
Coccydynia Treatment
Direct trauma to the tailbone is the most common cause of coccydynia, and usually leads to inflammation surrounding the coccyx, which contributes to pain and discomfort. There are many cases reported in which pain begins with no identifiable origin (called idiopathic coccydynia).
Compartment Syndrome Treatment
Acute compartment syndrome must be treated in hospital using a surgical procedure called an emergency fasciotomy. The doctor or surgeon makes an incision to cut open your skin and fascia surrounding the muscles to immediately relieve the pressure inside the muscle compartment.
Congenital Hip Dislocation Treatment
It may be concluded that in this age group congenital hip dislocation is best treated by non-surgical reduction, possibly followed by surgery of the femur and acetabulum. Surgical reduction was only indicated when conservative methods failed.
Core Decompression of the Hip
Hip core decompression is a surgical procedure used to treat osteonecrosis, or avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip. It involves drilling one larger hole, or several smaller holes into the dead bone of the femoral head (top of thigh bone) in order to relieve pressure in the bone.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is a condition that involves pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve (also known as the “funny bone” nerve), which can cause numbness or tingling in the ring and small fingers, pain in the forearm, and/or weakness in the hand.
De Quervain Syndrome Treatment
Applying heat or ice to the affected area. Taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). These include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve). Avoiding activities that cause pain and swelling. Especially avoid those that involve repetitive hand and wrist motions.
Dislocated Elbow Treatment
Simple elbow dislocations are treated by keeping the elbow immobile in a splint or sling for 1 to 3 weeks, followed by early motion exercises. If the elbow is kept immobile for a long time, the ability to move the elbow fully (range of motion) may be affected.
Dislocated Hip Treatment
The most important treatment of a dislocated hip is to properly position the ball back in the socket, which is called a joint reduction. 2 In order to reposition the hip joint, the patient will often require general anesthesia.
Dislocated Shoulder Treatment
A shoulder dislocation is an injury that happens when the ball pops out of your socket. A dislocation may be partial, where the ball is only partially out of the socket. It can also be a full dislocation, where the ball is completely out of the socket.
Dupuytren's Contracture Treatment
Dupuytren's contracture is when 1 or more fingers bend in towards your palm. There's no cure, but your fingers can be straightened if it's severe.
Elbow Arthroscopy
Elbow arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique used by orthopaedic surgeons to diagnose and treat a range of conditions affecting the joint. As in other joints, arthroscopy of the elbow involves the use of fiberoptics and a tiny camera that is inserted through small incisions or portals.
Elbow Pain Treatment
By Mayo Clinic Staff. Elbow pain is often caused by overuse. Many sports, hobbies and jobs require repetitive hand, wrist or arm movements. Elbow pain may occasionally be due to arthritis, but in general, your elbow joint is much less prone to wear-and-tear damage than are many other joints.
Elbow Replacement
Elbow replacement involves surgically replacing bones that make up the elbow joint with artificial elbow joint parts (prosthetic components). The artificial joint consists of two stems made of high-quality metal. They are joined together with a metal and plastic hinge that allows the artificial elbow joint to bend.
Elbow Sprain Treatment
An elbow sprain can occur when your arm is quickly bent or twisted in an unnatural position. It can also happen when the ligaments are overloaded during regular movement. Elbow sprains can happen when: You fall with your arm stretched out, such as when playing sports.
Elbow Surgery
Elbow replacement surgery (sometimes referred to as total elbow arthroplasty) is an operation that surgeons use to relieve pain and restore motion to a damaged elbow. During this surgery, a doctor replaces your elbow joint with an artificial joint. Elbow replacement surgery does not always involve the entire elbow.
Exostosis Treatment
An exostosis is an extra growth of bone that extends outward from an existing bone. Common types of exostoses include bone spurs, which are bony growths also known as osteophytes. An exostosis can occur on any bone, but is often found in the feet, hip region, or ear canal.
External Fracture Fixation
External fixation is a process for fracture fixation by which pins or wires are inserted into bone percutaneously and held together via an external scaffold. Initially described by Malgaigne in 1853, external fixation was proposed as an alternative to immobilization in plaster cast, traction, or internal fixation.
Femur Fracture Treatment
A broken thighbone, also known as a femur fracture, is a serious and painful injury. The femur is one of the strongest bones in the body, and a break or fracture in the femur bone is often caused by severe injury such as trauma sustained in a motor vehicle accident.
Foot Surgery
Foot and ankle surgery is a subspecialty of orthopedics and podiatry that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disorders of the foot and ankle.
Fracture Treatment
The initial management of fractures consists of realignment of the broken limb segment (if grossly deformed) and then immobilizing the fractured extremity in a splint. The distal neurologic and vascular status must be clinically assessed and documented before and after realignment and splinting.Mar 31, 2022
Fractured Shoulder Treatment
A shoulder fracture is a break or a crack in one of the three following bones; the clavicle, scapula or the proximal humerus. In the latter case, it would be called a broken shoulder. The humerus can be broken in many places and the fracture is normally described by its location.
Frozen Shoulder Treatment
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time and then resolve, usually within one to three years.
Ganglion Cyst Removal
Ganglion cyst removal is usually an outpatient procedure and may be performed under local or general anesthesia. Before surgery, your doctor may draw a line above the cyst to mark the incision location. During the surgery, your doctor numbs the treatment area and cuts along the line with a scalpel.
Hammer, Claw, or Mallet Toe Treatment
A hammertoe has an abnormal bend in the middle joint of a toe. Mallet toe affects the joint nearest the toenail. Hammertoe and mallet toe usually occur in your second, third and fourth toes. Relieving the pain and pressure of hammertoe and mallet toe may involve changing your footwear and wearing shoe inserts.
Hand Joints Synovectomy
Synovectomy: This surgery is usually indicated for early cases of inflammatory arthritis where there is significant swelling (synovitis) that is causing pain or is limiting the range of motion of digits and thumb. Synovectomy is a surgical removal of the inflamed synovium (tissue lining the joint).
Hand Surgery
Hand surgery is the field of medicine that deals with problems of the hand, wrist, and forearm. Hand surgeons care for these problems with and without surgery. They are specially trained to operate when necessary.
Hip Arthroplasty
Hip replacement, also called hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to address hip pain. The surgery replaces parts of the hip joint with artificial implants. The hip joint consists of a ball (at the top of the femur, also known as the thigh bone) and a socket (in the pelvis, also known as the hip bone).
Hip Arthroscopy
Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery used to treat issues in your hip. Your surgeon will make a few small incisions (cuts) in the skin of your hip then insert a special tool called an arthroscope into your hip joint.
Hip Cartilage Damage Treatment
The commonly performed surgical procedures include arthroscopic lavage and debridement, marrow stimulation, mosaicplasty, allograft osteochondral transplantation and autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Hip Fracture Surgery
A hip fracture can be repaired with the help of metal screws, plates and rods. In some cases, artificial replacements (prostheses) of parts of the hip joint may be necessary. Treatment for hip fracture usually involves a combination of surgery, rehabilitation and medication.
Hip Pain Treatment
Hip pain is the general term for pain felt in or around the hip joint. It isn't always felt in the hip itself but may instead be felt in the groin or thigh.
Hip Replacement
A hip replacement is a common type of surgery where a damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial one (known as an implant). Adults of any age can be considered for a hip replacement, although most are done on people between the ages of 60 and 80.
Hip Surgery
Hip replacement, also called hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to address hip pain. The surgery replaces parts of the hip joint with artificial implants.
Joint Injection
Joint injections are non-surgical procedures that apply a solution of anesthetic and corticosteroid directly to damaged joint tissue. This can provide you with the relief you need to improve your range of motion and participate in physical therapy exercises that were too difficult for you before.
Jumper's Knee Treatment
Jumper's knee, also known as patellar tendonitis, is a condition characterized by inflammation of your patellar tendon. This connects your kneecap (patella) to your shin bone (tibia). Jumper's knee weakens your tendon, and, if untreated, can lead to tears in your tendon.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a form of arthritis in children. Arthritis causes joint swelling (inflammation) and joint stiffness. JIA is arthritis that affects one or more joints for at least 6 weeks in a child age 16 or younger.
Kirschner Wire Removal
The K-wires stick out of the skin so that they can be easily removed once the bone has healed. They are covered with a dressing and a plaster cast and you / the patient will not be able to see them; alternatively they may be exposed out of the toe or finger.
Knee Arthroplasty
Knee replacement surgery (arthroplasty) is a common operation that involves replacing a damaged, worn or diseased knee with an artificial joint. Adults of any age can be considered for a knee replacement, although most are carried out on people between the ages of 60 and 80.
Knee Arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure. Healthcare providers use knee arthroscopy to diagnose and treat a range of knee injuries. Your healthcare provider makes a small incision and then inserts a long, thin tool with a camera on the end.
Knee Cartilage Damage Treatment
The slippery articular cartilage that coats your bones helps with smooth movement. If it's torn or worn, it can leave the rough bone surfaces exposed – resulting in friction in the joint. Damaged cartilage can potentially lead to knee arthritis, with long-term effects on your knee function.
Knee Cartilage Surgery
Cartilage surgery is performed arthroscopically or an incision is made in the front of the knee. Arthroscopy consists in making two small 5-mm incisions in the front of the knee. An arthroscope, or small camera, is inserted through one of the incisions to view the joint, and in particular the damaged cartilage.
Knee Fracture Treatment
A patella fracture is a break in your kneecap, the bone that covers your knee joint. It's usually caused by a traumatic injury, such as a fall or a blow to your kneecap. A patella fracture can be simple or complex. Some fractures require surgery to repair.
Knee Ligament Surgery (ACL)
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the key ligaments that help stabilize your knee joint. The ACL connects your thighbone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia). It's most commonly torn during sports that involve sudden stops and changes in direction — such as basketball, soccer, tennis and volleyball.
Knee Ligament Surgery (MCL)
An MCL tear is damage to the medial collateral ligament, which is a major ligament that's located on the inner side of your knee. The tear can be partial (some fibers in the ligament are torn) or complete (the ligament is torn into two pieces).
Knee Ligament Surgery (PCL)
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is a fibrous band of tissue on the inside of the knee, connecting the shinbone to the thigh bone. It functions to prevent the tibia from sliding backward on the femur. The PCL works with the ACL for stabilization of the knee. It can be injured when the knee is hyperextended.
Knee Replacement
Knee replacement, also called knee arthroplasty or total knee replacement, is a surgical procedure to resurface a knee damaged by arthritis. Metal and plastic parts are used to cap the ends of the bones that form the knee joint, along with the kneecap.
Knee Sprain Treatment
A knee sprain refers to torn or overstretched ligaments, the tissues that hold bones together. If you have a sprained knee, the structures within the knee joint that connect the thigh bone to the shin bone have been injured. A knee sprain is painful and can create other problems over time, including arthritis.
Knee Surgery
Knee replacement, also called knee arthroplasty or total knee replacement, is a surgical procedure to resurface a knee damaged by arthritis. Metal and plastic parts are used to cap the ends of the bones that form the knee joint, along with the kneecap.
Kneecap Stabilization
Patella stabilisation surgery also known as patella realignment is a surgical procedure to stabilise and realign the patella following subluxation, dislocation and subsequent misalignment of the knee cap during movements.
Lateral Release of the Patella
Lateral release is a minimally invasive surgery used to correct an excessive patellar tilt. It involves cutting through a tight retinaculum so that the kneecap can slip properly into its groove, thereby restoring its normal alignment.
Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) Treatment
A limb length discrepancy (LLD) is when one arm or leg is longer than the other arm or leg. A difference in leg lengths is more likely to be noticed and to affect activities of daily living.
Limb Amputation
Amputation is the surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity such as an arm, leg, foot, hand, toe, or finger. About 1.8 million Americans are living with amputations. Amputation of the leg -- either above or below the knee -- is the most common amputation surgery.
Little League Elbow Treatment
Little league elbow is a term used to describe lesions in the medial aspect of the elbow in preadolescent and adolescent baseball pitchers. Most commonly seen in children under the age of 10. The phenomenon is correlated to chronic forces of valgus overload produced during the early and late cocking phases of throwing.
Meniscus Surgery
Meniscus surgery is a common operation to remove or repair a torn meniscus, a piece of cartilage in the knee. The surgery requires a few small incisions and takes about an hour. Recovery and rehabilitation take a few weeks.
Metal Implant Removal
Metal implants are biomaterials widely used in orthopedics. They are both used in osteosynthesis and arthroplasty. Their mechanical properties, biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion make them a widely used option in orthopedics. Alloys are the most commonly used metals in orthopedics.
Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint Replacement
The metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) is located in the forefoot where the metatarsal and phalanx bones meet. Synovitis is a swelling of the joint lining. MTP synovitis is a common disorder caused by excessive stress on that joint, usually exacerbated by activity.
Morton's Neuroma Treatment
Morton's neuroma is a benign but painful condition that affects the ball of the foot. It's also called an intermetatarsal neuroma because it's located in the ball of the foot between your metatarsal bones. It happens when the tissue around a nerve that leads to a toe thickens from irritation or compression.
MPFL (Medial Patellofemoral Ligament) Surgery
MPFL reconstruction is a surgery in which a new medial patellofemoral ligament is created to stabilize the knee and help protect the joint from additional damage. (Find a surgeon who performs MPFL reconstruction.) It offers an excellent treatment option for people who have experienced more than one dislocation.
Muscle Reconstruction
Flap surgery involves transporting healthy, live tissue from one location of the body to another - often to areas that have lost skin, fat, muscle movement, and/or skeletal support.
Orthopedics Consultation
Orthopedics is a branch of medicine that focuses on the care of the musculoskeletal system. This system is made up of muscles and bones, as well as joints, ligaments, and tendons. A person who specializes in orthopedics is known as an orthopedist.
Osteoarthritis Consultation
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.
Osteoarthritis Treatment
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.
Osteochondritis Dissecans Treatment
Osteochondritis dissecans (os-tee-o-kon-DRY-tis DIS-uh-kanz) is a joint condition in which bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow. This bone and cartilage can then break loose, causing pain and possibly hindering joint motion.
Osteochondrosis Treatment
Osteochondrosis is a self-limiting developmental derangement of normal bone growth, primarily involving the centers of ossification in the epiphysis. [1, 2] It usually begins in childhood as a degenerative or necrotic condition. By definition, osteochondrosis is an aseptic ischemic necrosis.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) Treatment
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited (genetic) bone disorder that is present at birth. It is also known as brittle bone disease. A child born with OI may have soft bones that break (fracture) easily, bones that are not formed normally, and other problems.
Osteoma Treatment
An osteoma (plural: "osteomata") is a new piece of bone usually growing on another piece of bone, typically the skull. It is a benign tumor. When the bone tumor grows on other bone it is known as "homoplastic osteoma"; when it grows on other tissue it is called "heteroplastic osteoma".
Osteomalacia Treatment
Osteomalacia refers to a marked softening of your bones, most often caused by severe vitamin D deficiency. The softened bones of children and young adults with osteomalacia can lead to bowing during growth, especially in weight-bearing bones of the legs. Osteomalacia in older adults can lead to fractures.
Osteomyelitis Treatment
Osteomyelitis is an infection in a bone. Infections can reach a bone by traveling through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue. Infections can also begin in the bone itself if an injury exposes the bone to germs.
Osteoporosis Treatment
Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones to the point where they break easily—most often, bones in the hip, backbone (spine), and wrist. Osteoporosis is called a “silent disease” because you may not notice any changes until a bone breaks. All the while, though, your bones had been losing strength for many years.
Osteotomy
An osteotomy is any surgery that cuts and reshapes your bones. You may need this type of procedure to repair a damaged joint. It's also used to shorten or lengthen a deformed bone that doesn't line up with a joint like it should. You don't need to be very sick or old to have an osteotomy.
Paget's Disease Treatment
Paget's (PAJ-its) disease of bone interferes with your body's normal recycling process, in which new bone tissue gradually replaces old bone tissue. Over time, bones can become fragile and misshapen. The pelvis, skull, spine and legs are most commonly affected.
Patellar Dislocation Treatment
A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen. The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis.
Pes Anserine Bursitis Treatment
Pes anserine bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa located between the shinbone (tibia) and three tendons of the hamstring muscle at the inside of the knee. It occurs when the bursa becomes irritated and produces too much fluid, which causes it to swell and put pressure on the adjacent parts of the knee.
Plantar Fasciitis Treatment
Plantar fasciitis is the inflammation of the plantar fascia, tissue in the foot used during walking and foot movement. Plantar fasciitis can be caused by a number of factors, including type of shoes, foot structure, overuse and types of walking surfaces.
Revision Joint Surgery
A revision joint replacement means that surgery must be done to replace a worn-out joint replacement. Also called revision arthroplasty, revision joint replacement is often more complicated than the initial joint replacement and the revision surgery may have less predictable results.
Rickets Treatment
Rickets is a condition that affects bone development in children. It causes bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities. Adults can experience a similar condition, which is known as osteomalacia or soft bones. Read more about the signs and symptoms of rickets and osteomalacia.
Rotator Cuff Surgery
Rotator cuff repair is surgery to repair a torn tendon in the shoulder. The procedure can be done with a large (open) incision or with shoulder arthroscopy, which uses smaller incisions.
Scaphoid Fracture Treatment
A scaphoid (navicular) fracture is a break in one of the small bones of the wrist. This type of fracture occurs most often after a fall onto an outstretched hand. Symptoms of a scaphoid fracture typically include pain and tenderness in the area just below the base of the thumb.
Sciatica Treatment
Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. Typically, sciatica affects only one side of your body.
Shoulder Arthroplasty
Shoulder replacement removes damaged areas of bone and replaces them with parts made of metal and plastic (implants). This surgery is called shoulder arthroplasty (ARTH-row-plas-tee). The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint.
Shoulder Arthroscopy
Shoulder arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera called an arthroscope to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your shoulder joint.
Shoulder Capsular Release
Capsular release is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to treat frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). This is a condition that develops when the capsule of connective tissues surrounding the shoulder thickens and tightens, causing pain and restricted movement.
Shoulder Fracture Fixation
Fracture Fixation. Fracture fixation stabilizes extremely misaligned broken bones by “re-setting,” or “reduction,” by using splints, casts, and implants, for example.
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Treatment
Shoulder impingement is a very common cause of shoulder pain, where a tendon (band of tissue) inside your shoulder rubs or catches on nearby tissue and bone as you lift your arm. It affects the rotator cuff tendon, which is the rubbery tissue that connects the muscles around your shoulder joint to the top of your arm.
Shoulder Labrum Surgery
Shoulder labrum reconstruction is a surgical technique recommended for treating labral tears. Labrum repair can be done using minimally invasive technique or open surgery. In this procedure the torn labrum is reattached to the rim of the bone using anchor sutures along with tightening of the capsules and ligaments.
Shoulder Ligament Repair
Shoulder reconstruction is a surgical procedure performed in patients with shoulder instability to improve stability, restore the function and prevent recurrent dislocations of the shoulder joint.
Shoulder Replacement
Shoulder replacement removes damaged areas of bone and replaces them with parts made of metal and plastic (implants). This surgery is called shoulder arthroplasty (ARTH-row-plas-tee). The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint. The round head (ball) of the upper arm bone fits into a shallow socket in the shoulder.
Shoulder Stabilization
Shoulder stabilization surgery is done to improve stability and function to the shoulder joint and prevent recurrent dislocations. It can be performed arthroscopically, depending on your particular situation, with much smaller incisions.
Shoulder Surgery
Shoulder surgery repairs a damaged, degenerated or diseased shoulder joint. It is a treatment for a variety of diseases and conditions in your shoulder joint. These commonly include rotator cuff tears, shoulder dislocations, and shoulder separations.
Shoulder Tendon Reconstruction
Shoulder reconstruction is a surgical procedure performed in patients with shoulder instability to improve stability, restore the function and prevent recurrent dislocations of the shoulder joint.
SLAP Tear Repair
SLAP repair is a surgical procedure to reattach the torn labrum to the bone of the shoulder socket. This procedure restores the normal anatomy and functioning of your shoulder. You should follow your surgeon's instructions and rehabilitation plan for a faster recovery after the surgery.
Snapping Hip Treatment
Snapping hip is a condition in which you feel a snapping sensation or hear a popping sound in your hip when you walk, get up from a chair, or swing your leg around. The snapping sensation occurs when a muscle or tendon (the strong tissue that connects muscle to bone) moves over a bony protrusion in your hip.
Synovium Removal
Synovectomy is a procedure where the synovial tissue surrounding a joint is removed. This procedure is typically recommended to provide relief from a condition in which the synovial membrane or the joint lining becomes inflamed and irritated and is not controlled by medication alone.
Tendon Repair
Tendon repair is a type of surgery to fix damaged or torn tendons. Movement can be extremely limited when tendons are torn or damaged. The affected area may feel weak and cause constant pain.
Tennis or Golfer's Elbow Treatment
The pain of golfer's elbow occurs primarily where the tendons of the forearm muscles attach to the bony bump on the inside of the elbow (medial epicondyle). By contrast, the pain of tennis elbow usually occurs at the bony bump on the outside of the elbow (lateral epicondyle).
Toe Implant
A number of different toe implants are available to treat osteoarthritis. Some implants are synthetic cartilage used to replace the damaged surface of the cartilage at the base of the big toe. These implants have the same look and feel as natural cartilage.
Toe Joint Replacement
A first MTP joint replacement treats arthritis of the big toe. The bone on either side of the joint is partially removed and replaced with metal, plastic, or a combination of both. First MTP joint replacement can lessen pain and retain motion.
Trapped Nerve Treatment
Trapped Nerve is a condition in which one or more nerves in the vertebrae are compressed or 'pinched' leading to impaired movement or sensation.
Treatment for Achilles Tendinitis
Achilles tendinitis is an overuse injury of the Achilles tendon, the band of tissue that connects calf muscles at the back of the lower leg to your heel bone. Achilles tendinitis most commonly occurs in runners who have suddenly increased the intensity or duration of their runs.
Treatment for Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a condition that causes pain and swelling below the knee joint, where the patellar tendon attaches to the top of the shinbone (tibia), a spot called the tibial tuberosity. There may also be inflammation of the patellar tendon, which stretches over the kneecap.
Trigger Finger Treatment
Trigger finger is a condition in which one of your fingers gets stuck in a bent position. Your finger may bend or straighten with a snap — like a trigger being pulled and released. Trigger finger is also known as stenosing tenosynovitis.
Trochleoplasty
A trochleoplasty is a surgical correction of the femoral trochlea to restore a normal or nearly normal entry of the patella into the trochlear groove during extension and flexion. Some general prerequisites are necessary to performing this procedure successfully.
Ulnar Nerve Decompression
Ulnar nerve decompression is surgical procedure designed to explore the region around the elbow through which the ulnar nerve passes. The ulnar nerve is responsible for the “funny bone” phenomenon when you hit your elbow.
Wrist Arthroscopy
Wrist arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera and surgical tools to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your wrist. The camera is called an arthroscope. The procedure allows the doctor to detect problems and make repairs to the wrist without making larger cuts in the skin and tissue.
Wrist Instability Treatment
Dislocations occur when a large force, usually hyperextension, pushes the bone out of its normal joint position. Wrist instability occurs when one or more of the wrist ligaments have lost integrity, are lax, or damaged. This alters the normal wrist mechanics of the carpal bones and hence affects your hand function.
Acromioclavicular Joint Repair
Through this procedure, a significant separation damage to the AC joint in your shoulder will be repaired. This is the point at which your clavicle connects to your scapula. In the case of a serious separation injury, the ligaments that normally hold these bones together get severed.
Abscess Debridement
It requires completely washing the wound and removing any thickened skin or callus, infected, and nonviable (necrotic or dead) tissue, debris, and leftover material from dressings. The wound must also be properly cleaned.
Avascular Necrosis (AVN) Treatment
Avascular necrosis is when bone cells die because they don't get enough blood. It can cause tiny cracks in the bone and make the bone fall apart. If a bone is broken or a joint is out of place, blood can't get to that part of the bone.
Ankle Surgery
In an ankle replacement, the surgeon cuts off the ends of the broken bones and replaces them with a plastic-and-metal joint. In this operation, the surgeon cuts off the ends of the broken bones and puts a new joint made of plastic and metal on them.
Ankle Arthroscopy
Foot and ankle surgery is a sub-specialty of orthopedics and podiatry that focuses on the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of illnesses that affect the foot and ankle. Foot and ankle surgery is also known as foot and ankle orthopaedics.
Ankle Replacement
Your doctor will cut into your ankle to get to the damaged joint. Next, your doctor will cut out the broken parts of your tibia and talus bones. Your surgeon will attach metal replacement joints to the left bone surfaces and put a piece of plastic in between them.
Ankle Fusion Surgery
Ankle fusion is a surgery that joins together two or more ankle bones. This makes the pain and swelling go away. Your doctor will cut into your ankle so he or she can work on the joint. Then, your doctor will press the bones together and use plates, nails, screws, or other hardware to hold them together.
Ankle Fracture Treatment
A broken bone needs to be kept from moving so it can heal. Most of the time, this needs a special shoe or a cast. An orthopedic surgeon may need to use pins, plates, or screws to keep your bones in the right place while they heal.
Achilles Tendon Rupture
If your Achilles tendon were to rupture, you would probably hear a pop, and then you would feel an acute, searing pain in the back of your ankle and lower leg. This agony would certainly interfere with your ability to walk in a normal manner. In order to heal the rupture, surgery is often required. However, nonsurgical therapy is effective for many patients in the same manner as surgical treatment.
Baker's Cyst Treatment
A Baker's cyst doesn't always hurt and sometimes goes away on its own. But it's important to get the condition checked out by a doctor to make sure it's not a sign of something more serious.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) is a method in which cells from the articular cartilage are taken, multiplied in a lab to make more cells, and then put back into the damaged part of the knee using a special surgical technique.
Artificial Limb Services
The Artificial Limb & Appliance Service (ALAS) is an NHS Wales organisation providing support, equipment and rehabilitation to people with permanent or long-term impairment. It is commissioned by Health Commission Wales (an executive agency of the Welsh Assembly Government), and is provided through a consortium arrangement between three NHS Wales trusts, each hosting one centre (ALAC).
Benign Bone Tumor Removal
Bone tumors that are not malignant are referred to as benign bone tumors. It's possible that these tumors may produce agony that will only become worse with time. It is possible that some benign bone cancers need therapy in order to be stopped from eroding bone.
Pediatrics 2 Services
Pediatric Surgery Consultation
Pediatric surgery is a subspecialty of surgery involving the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.
Pediatrics Consultation
A branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of infants, children, and adolescents.
Radiology 36 Services
Bone Mineral Densitometry (BMD)
Bone density scanning, also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bone densitometry, is an enhanced form of x-ray technology that is used to measure bone loss. DXA is today's established standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD).
Breast Imaging
The most commonly used breast imaging tests at this time are mammograms, ultrasound, and breast MRI. Other tests, such as CT scans, bone scans, or PET scans might sometimes be done to help find out if breast cancer has spread. Newer types of tests are now being developed for breast imaging.
Cerebral Angiogram
Cerebral angiography is a diagnostic test that uses an X-ray. It produces a cerebral angiogram, or an image that can help your doctor find blockages or other abnormalities in the blood vessels of your head and neck. Blockages or abnormalities can lead to a stroke or bleeding in the brain.
Chest X-Ray
Chest X-rays produce images of your heart, lungs, blood vessels, airways, and the bones of your chest and spine. Chest X-rays can also reveal fluid in or around your lungs or air surrounding a lung.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Cone beam computed tomography is a medical imaging technique consisting of X-ray computed tomography where the X-rays are divergent, forming a cone. CBCT has become increasingly important in treatment planning and diagnosis in implant dentistry, ENT, orthopedics, and interventional radiology, among other things.
CT Angiogram (Computed Tomography Angiogram)
CT angiography is a type of medical test that combines a CT scan with an injection of a special dye to produce pictures of blood vessels and tissues in a part of your body. The dye is injected through an intravenous (IV) line started in your arm or hand.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography)
A CT scan or computed tomography scan is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to obtain detailed internal images of the body noninvasively for diagnostic purposes. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers or radiology technologists.
Diagnostic Imaging Consultation
In a diagnostic radiology consultation, the radiologist will be presented with all the information regarding the patient's condition, particularly the symptoms being experienced. The radiologist will then recommend the most appropriate imaging scans in order to come up with an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnostic X-Rays
Diagnostic X-ray, or radiography, is a special method for taking pictures of areas inside the body. A machine focuses a small amount of radiation on the area of the body to be examined. The X-rays pass through the body, creating an image on film or a computer display.
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the electrical activity on the scalp that has been shown to represent the macroscopic activity of the surface layer of the brain underneath. It is typically non-invasive, with the electrodes placed along the scalp.
Electromyogram (EMG)
Electromyography (EMG) measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve's stimulation of the muscle. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities. During the test, one or more small needles (also called electrodes) are inserted through the skin into the muscle.
Fibroscan
Fibroscan is a non-invasive test that helps assess the health of your liver. Specifically, it uses ultrasound technology to determine the degree of fibrosis or scarring that may be present in your liver from various liver diseases or conditions.
Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy is a medical procedure that makes a real-time video of the movements inside a part of the body by passing x-rays through the body over a period of time. X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation.
Full Body CT Scan
The Total Body CT scan analyzes three major areas of the body: the lungs, the heart, and the abdomen/pelvis. The lung CT can detect early, potentially malignant nodules. In the heart, the scan can detect aortic aneurysms and calcium deposits within plaque in the coronary arteries.
Full Body MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)
MRA stands for Magnetic Resonance Angiogram or MR Angiography. Your doctor may ask you to get one in order to look for and treat problems with your blood vessels. The test can check the blood vessels in many different parts of your body: Brain or neck.
Full Body PET CT Scan
A PET-CT scan is a nuclear medicine imaging test used commonly to detect a range of cancers, heart diseases, neurological conditions, infections and PUO (Pyrexia of Unknown Origin). Radioactive glucose is injected and then taken up by tissues, which are in fasting state in your body.
Full Body PET-MRI Scan
A whole-body PET scan can detect differences in body functions, such as blood flow, use of oxygen, and uptake of sugar (glucose) molecules. This allows your doctor to see how certain organs are functioning.
Full Body Ultrasound Scan
An ultrasound scan, sometimes called a sonogram, is a procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of part of the inside of the body. An ultrasound scan can be used to monitor an unborn baby, diagnose a condition, or guide a surgeon during certain procedures.
Head CT Scan
Computed tomography (CT) of the head uses special x-ray equipment to help assess head injuries, severe headaches, dizziness, and other symptoms of aneurysm, bleeding, stroke, and brain tumors. It also helps your doctor to evaluate your face, sinuses, and skull or to plan radiation therapy for brain cancer.
Head Ultrasound
A head ultrasound uses sound waves to make images of the brain. An ultrasound machine sends sound waves into the head and images are recorded on a computer. The black-and-white images show the internal structure of the brain, including the ventricles (the fluid-filled cavities in the brain) and the blood vessels.
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
MRCP is a subtype of an MRI scan that is better suited for detailed images of the pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses powerful magnets, radio waves, and a computer to get detailed pictures of body organs.
Mammography
Mammography (also called mastography) is the process of using low-energy X-rays (usually around 30 kVp) to examine the human breast for diagnosis and screening. The goal of mammography is the early detection of breast cancer, typically through detection of characteristic masses or microcalcifications.
MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the body uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves and a computer to produce detailed pictures of the inside of your body. It may be used to help diagnose or monitor treatment for a variety of conditions within the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.
Nuclear Scans
A nuclear medicine scan uses small amounts of radiation to create pictures of tissues, bones, and organs inside the body. The radioactive material collects in certain areas of your body, and special cameras find the radiation and make images that help your medical team diagnose and treat cancer and other illnesses.
Pelvic Ultrasound
A pelvic ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic exam that produces images that are used to assess organs and structures within the female pelvis. A pelvic ultrasound allows quick visualization of the female pelvic organs and structures including the uterus, cervix, vagina, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography)
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that can help reveal the metabolic or biochemical function of your tissues and organs. The PET scan uses a radioactive drug (tracer) to show both normal and abnormal metabolic activity.
Radionuclide Scans
Radionuclide scanning is used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease. A small amount of a radioactive chemical (radionuclide) is injected into a vein or swallowed. Different radionuclides travel through the blood to different organs.
Renal Angiogram
A renal angiogram is an imaging test to look at the blood vessels in your kidneys. Your healthcare provider can use it to look at the ballooning of a blood vessel (aneurysm), narrowing of a blood vessel (stenosis), or blockages in a blood vessel. He or she can also see how well blood is flowing to your kidneys.
Stereotactic Breast Biopsy
Stereotactic breast biopsy uses mammography – a specific type of breast imaging that uses low-dose x-rays — to help locate a breast abnormality and remove a tissue sample for examination under a microscope.
Testicular Ultrasound
Ultrasound imaging of the scrotum uses sound waves to produce pictures of a male's testicles and surrounding tissues.
Thyroid Ultrasound
Thyroid ultrasound is a sound wave picture of the thyroid gland taken by a hand-held instrument and translated to a 2-dimensional picture on a monitor. It is used in diagnosis of tumors, cysts or goiters of the thyroid, and is a painless, no-risk procedure.
Ultrasound Scan
An ultrasound scan, sometimes called a sonogram, is a procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of part of the inside of the body. An ultrasound scan can be used to monitor an unborn baby, diagnose a condition, or guide a surgeon during certain procedures.
Vascular Ultrasound
Vascular ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate the body's circulatory system and help identify blockages in the arteries and veins and detect blood clots.
Virtual Colonoscopy
Virtual colonoscopy is a special X-ray examination of the colon using low dose computed tomography (CT). It is a less invasive procedure than a conventional colonoscopy. A radiologist reviews the images from the virtual colonoscopy to look for polyps on the inside of the colon that can sometimes turn into colon cancer.
Abdominal CT Scan
A diagnostic imaging examination known as computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis is performed. It is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis of disorders affecting the small intestine, the colon, and several other internal organs. It is often used in the process of identifying the origin of inexplicable pain.
Abdominal Ultrasound
An ultrasound of the abdomen is a way to look at the organs and tissues inside the abdomen without making any cuts. This is made up of the abdominal aorta and the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, bile ducts, and spleen. When ultrasound technology is used, the organs and structures inside the abdomen can be quickly seen from the outside of the body.
Traumatology 1 Services
Traumatology Consultation
Traumatology is the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person, and the surgical therapy and repair of the damage.
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